为研究车-车碰撞事故中驾驶人风格与避撞参数、避撞率间的关系以提高行车安全性,本文通过车-车碰撞数据库(vehicle-vehicle traffic accident database with video,VV-TRAVi)中610例真实事故视频聚类分析出5种典型场景,其中十字路口处占比最大,主要分为有、无视觉障碍2种典型碰撞场景,基于6自由度驾驶模拟器动态搭建上述2种十字路口处典型碰撞场景.通过问卷调查、主成分分析和K均值聚类将驾驶风格分为激进型、普通型和谨慎型,并招募60名3种驾驶风格志愿者在所搭建的2种典型碰撞场景下进行实验数据采集,并在92组有效数据样本中提取3种风格下的避撞参数:TTC(time-to-collision)、BRT(braking reaction time)、速度和纵向减速度,采用单因素方差分析和独立样本T检验分析3种驾驶风格对上述避撞参数的影响.结果表明:在有、无视觉障碍的2种典型碰撞场景下,3种驾驶风格的TTC、BRT、速度和纵向减速度均呈现显著差异;其中,激进型、普通型以及谨慎型的TTC均值(s)分别为0.54和1.21、0.59和1.33以及1.01和2.58,BRT均值(s)分别为1.12和0.9、1.32和1.3以及1.6和1.56,两者均呈现依次增大趋势;速度均值(km/h)分别为37.53和45.03、30.37和34.93以及27.62和30.37,纵向减速度均值(m/s2)分别为9.38和9.13、6.2和5.6以及3.92和3.66,两者均呈现依次减小趋势;3种驾驶风格避撞率呈现"谨慎型>普通型>激进型".研究结果为制定考虑驾驶风格的车辆避撞策略提供参考.
Effect of Driving Style on Collision Avoidance Parameters in Typical Vehicle-to-Vehicle Collision Scenarios
In order to study the relationship between driver style,collision avoidance parameters and colli-sion avoidance rate in vehicle-vehicle collision accidents to improve driving safety,in the paper five typical scenari-os are analyzed by clustering videos of 610 real accidents in the Vehicle-Vehicle Traffic Accident database(VV-TRAVi,Vehicle-Vehicle Traffic Accident database with Video).Among them,intersections account for the largest proportion,mainly divided into two typical collision scenarios with and without visual obstacles,based on the six-degree-of-freedom driving simulator to dynamically build the above two typical collision scenarios at intersections.Through questionnaire survey,principal component analysis and K-mean clustering,the driving styles are classi-fied into aggressive,normal and cautious,with 60 volunteers of the three driving styles recruited to collect experi-mental data under the two typical collision scenarios constructed.The collision avoidance parameters under the three styles are extracted from the 92 sets of valid data samples:TTC(time-to-collision),BRT(braking reaction time),speed and longitudinal deceleration,and the effect of the three driving styles on the above collision avoid-ance parameters are analyzed using one-way ANOVA and independent samples t-test.The results show that the TTC,BRT,speed and longitudinal deceleration of the three driving styles show significant differences in the two typical collision scenarios with and without visual obstacles.Among them,the mean values(s)of the TTC for the aggressive,normal and cautious styles are 0.54 and 1.21,0.59 and 1.33,and 1.01 and 2.58,and those of the BRT are 1.12 and 0.9,1.32 and 1.3,and 1.6 and 1.56,respectively,both of which show a sequential increasing trend;the mean speed(km/h)values are 37.53 and 45.03,30.37 and 34.93,and 27.62 and 30.37,respectively,and the mean longitudinal deceleration(m/s2)values are 9.38 and 9.13,6.2 and 5.6,and 3.92 and 3.66,respectively.Both of them show a decreasing trend.The crash avoidance rates of the three driving styles are"Cautious>Normal>Ag-gressive".The results of the study provide a reference for the development of vehicle crash avoidance strategies that take driving styles into account.
万方数据
维普
