Short-wave channels have a short construction period,low cost,and excellent invulnerability.In wartime,they have an irreplaceable role and status.However,as a variable parameter channel,its passband is narrow,the signal has multipath delays and multiple fades,and is accompanied by strong background noise,resulting in poor stability and low data transmission rate.Based on historical background monitoring data,this research fits a general noise model for shortwave communications,which can be used to predict the background noise of shortwave communications,so as to provide a reference for determining the performance test effect of shortwave MODEM and improving the quality of shortwave communications.