Climate response to carbon dioxide radiative forcing and physiological forcing
The community Earth system model(CESM)was used to investigate the climate response to CO2 radiative forcing that is associated with CO2-induced changes in atmospheric radiation,and physiological forcing that is associated with CO2-induced changes in stomatal opening.The results show that both forcings cause global surface warming.During the fast adjustment processes,CO2-physiological forcing contributes to(27.5±0.9)%of the total global land mean warming.The effects of the two forcings on the global water cycle are significantly different.As a result of CO2 doubling,at equilibrium state,the CO2 radiation forcing increases global surface evapotranspiration by(5.2±0.1)%and runoff by(8.0±0.4)%,CO2 physiological forcing decreased global surface evapotranspiration by(3.9±0.1)%and increased global runoff by(10.1±0.4)%.With the increase of CO2 concentration,under the influence of radiative forcing,surface temperature,evapotranspiration and precipitation continue to increase,but the increase rates slow down.Under the influence of physiological forcing,surface evapotranspiration continues to decrease,and the decreasing rate do not change significantly.The changes caused by the combined effect of two types of CO2 forcings are different from the sum of changes caused by the two forcings alone,and this difference becomes more and more significant with the increase of CO2 concentration.
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