为绿色、高效回收废旧光伏组件,本文以废旧晶硅光伏组件为原料,对废旧太阳能电池板的破碎工艺进行研究,并通过多组重复性实验对背板玻璃去除率进行了表征.结果表明:一级破碎试样适用小型机械回收,尺寸偏小的试样在低温条件下去除背板及铝条的效果更好,一级破碎试样光伏玻璃呈放射状开裂,裂片呈不规则四边形;根据破碎实验确定最优破碎尺寸为78 mm ×78 mm.表征结果表明:冷冻-二级破碎工艺光伏玻璃回收率高于常规破碎(85％)的回收率,冷冻后去除背板110°破碎光伏玻璃去除率达到99.6％,同时可以回收银栅及汇流带金属.一级破碎-冷冻-二级破碎回收方法能有效提高废旧晶硅光伏组件的回收效率,对保护生态环境具有一定的现实意义.
Experimental study on the crushing of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules under low temperature conditions
To achieve green and efficient recycling of waste photovoltaic modules,waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules are taken as raw materials to explore the crushing process of waste solar panels.The removal rates of backplate glass are characterized through multiple sets of repeated ex-periments.The results indicate that the first-level crushing samples are suitable for small-scale mechanical recycling.Under low temperature conditions,the samples with smaller dimensions have better removal effects on the back panel and aluminum strips.The photovoltaic glass of the first-level crushing samples shows radial cracking with irregular quadrilateral shaped cracks.According to the crushing experiment,the optimal crushing size is 78 mm × 78 mm.The characterization results show that the recycling rate of photovoltaic glass in the freezing and second-level crushing process is higher than that in conventional crushing(85％).The removal rate of 1 10°crushing photovoltaic glass from the back panel after freezing can reach 99.6％.In addition,silver grids and metal conduc-tive bands can be recycled.The recycling efficiency of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules can be effectively improved by the first-level crushing,freezing and second-level crushing,which has certain significance for protecting the ecological environment.
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