摘要
立足于清官方立场,四库馆臣通过撰写《四库全书总目》,刻画了明代类书"饾饤稗贩"的形象,并在批评中重重渲染,使之成为"定论".进而又以文献内容和纂修体例交相结合,构建了看似严谨实则严苛的类书批评体系,将明代类书纳入其中大肆抨击.清人以"俯视之眼"构建的类书批评体系,终究难以逻辑自洽,以至在评价标准上前后割裂,在历史叙述时自相矛盾,在论证过程中引据失实.以《四库全书总目》为代表的清人明代类书批评,既显示出卓绝的学术眼光,也存在学术缺失和时代局限,有必要予以"正本清源",以更加审慎和理性的态度,回归当时的社会和文化语境,重新审视明代类书的学术价值.
Abstract
Standing on the official position of the Qing Dynasty,The General Catalog of the Siku Quanshu Zongmu depicted the image of the Ming Dynasty class book"plagiarism",heavily exaggerated in the criticism,making it a"final conclusion".On this basis,Siku Quanshu Zongmu intersected with the literature content and compilation system to construct a seemingly rigorous but actually strict critical system of the Ming Dynasty class books,and brought all the Ming Dynasty class books into this system to criticize.However,the critical context constructed from the perspective of"look-down"was ultimately difficult to be logical and consistent.However,we should also see its academic deficiency and limitations of the times,so as to clarify its original source.
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