摘要
建筑行业的大多数事故是由未被识别的安全隐患引起的.该研究将专家危险识别眼动模型示例(EMMEs)引入建筑工人安全教育过程,并探究它对不同经验程度工人的安全教育效果.根据是否进行EMMEs干预划分实验组及对照组,并搭建8个虚拟的施工现场危险场景作为实验刺激素材,使用眼动仪分别记录高、低经验组建筑工人对不同场景下危险识别过程中的眼动数据,并从识别准确率、识别完成时间和识别顺序规范性3个维度探究危险识别绩效的变化.结果表明:EMMEs干预组的危险识别绩效显著高于无干预组;在危险识别前测实验中,高经验组的识别绩效远好于低经验组;EMMEs的干预效果具有专业知识逆转效应,低经验组识别绩效在干预后的提升程度远好于高经验组.该研究证实了EMMEs对施工安全教育的影响效果.
Abstract
[Objective]Most accidents in the construction industry are caused by hazards that remain unrecognized due to inexperience and inattentiveness.Novice workers have difficulty learning how to quickly and accurately determine the source of a hazard and avoid it;thus,it is necessary to develop a dynamic hazard identification process-assisted education pattern.Eye-movement modeling examples(EMMEs)are videos of gaze replays of hazard identification trajectory by an expert with a verbal explanation.[Methods]This study constructed the EMMEs of hazard identification by an expert to explore the mechanism of its influence on workers'safety education at different experience levels.We created eight virtual construction sites for hazard identification testing,which mainly included falls,collapses,electric shocks,lacerations,explosions,and unsafe actions.A participant's task was to search for hazards,i.e.,to visually inspect construction site scenarios and determine where a safety accident might occur.An eye tracker was used to collect the search patterns of experienced and novice workers before and after EMME training.Eye movement data were collected from 14 novice workers and 10 experienced workers.The study followed a 2X2 mixed-group design with between-subject factor experience(experienced vs.novice workers)and a within-subject factor case(before vs.after EMME training).Hazard identification accuracy,task completion time,and sequence standardization were used as indicators to measure the identification performance of the participants before and after EMME intervention.[Results]Herein,a t-test was used to evaluate the difference between the hazard identification performances of novice and experienced workers,and the interaction effect was used to test the moderating effect of EMMEs on prior experience and hazard identification performance.The main results were as follows:(1)Participants with EMME intervention performed better at hazard identification and showed higher hazard identification accuracy,shorter task completion time,and higher sequence standardization after EMME training.This finding confirmed that instructions comprising EMMEs effectively improved construction safety education.(2)The hazard identification performance of experienced workers was better than that of novice workers in the pretest;compared to novice workers,experienced workers identified more hazards in less time with more standard sequences before EMME training.The experienced workers consistently inspected laborers first,then the equipment or environment,and finally,the entrance.Novice workers typically inspected the hazards in the same order but with a less consistent scan path.(3)The EMME-based safety education mode had the expertise reversal effect.Participants with rich work experience showed insignificant improvement in performance after EMME training,while novice workers benefited far more from EMME intervention than experienced workers.[Conclusions]Our results demonstrate the potential of EMMEs to indirectly teach strategic hazard identification sequences and contribute to deeper safety education,particularly for workers with limited work experience.This study has educational importance as it provides new evidence of the potential of eye-tracking technology as an indirect instruction tool.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(72001167)
中国博士后科学基金(2022M712494)
陕西省社科界重大理论与现实问题研究年度项目(2023QN0083)
万方数据