摘要
铝合金具有良好的加工性和耐蚀性,在海洋工程领域得到了广泛应用.然而,铝合金在具有高盐分和高湿度的海洋环境下服役时,表面的钝化膜会发生破损,基体与海水直接接触产生电化学腐蚀.本文将对铝合金在海洋领域的腐蚀类型和特点进行阐述,重点介绍点蚀、晶间腐蚀、应力腐蚀和缝隙腐蚀等.为了减少铝合金腐蚀,可以利用表面工程技术改善铝合金表面耐蚀性能.其中热喷涂技术因工艺简单、涂层耐蚀性强、能够满足各种结构形状材料的防腐需求,成为海洋防腐领域的首选技术.主要综述了火焰喷涂、等离子喷涂、电弧喷涂、爆炸喷涂等工艺的原理和特点,以及目前的研究现状.
Abstract
Aluminum alloys have been widely used in the field of marine engineering due to its good machinability and corrosion resistance.However,when aluminum alloys are serv-iced in marine environments with high salinity and high humidity,the passivation film on its surface will be damaged,and the matrix will be in direct contact with seawater,resulting in electrochemical corrosion.In this paper,corrosion types and characteristics of aluminum al-loys in the marine field have been described,focusing on pitting corrosion,intergranular cor-rosion,stress corrosion and crevice corrosion.To reduce corrosion,surface engineering tech-nology can be used to improve the surface corrosion properties of aluminum alloy.Thermal spraying technology has become one of the preferred technologies in the field of marine corro-sion protection due to its simple process,strong coating corrosion resistance,and ability to meet corrosion protection requirements of various structural shapes and materials.The paper has reviewed the principles and characteristics of flame spraying,plasma spraying,arc spra-ying,explosion spraying and other processes,as well as the current research status.
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