基于土地覆被与分类数据、气象数据、流域数据、土壤数据、数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)、归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)等数据,利用生态系统服务评估与权衡模型(Integrated Valuable of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs Model,In VEST)和改进风蚀方程(Revised Wind Erosion Equation,RWEQ),评估了 1992～2018年新疆各生态区的生态系统服务的时空变化及各生态区的服务簇变化.结果表明:1)1992～2018年新疆生境支持服务和碳储存与封存服务能力显著提高,其中在阿尔泰山—准噶尔西部山地森林草原生态区、天山山地森林与草原生态区和帕米尔—昆仑山—阿尔金山高寒草原生态区最为显著.2)土壤保持服务和防风固沙服务以2007年为界呈现分段特征.1992～2007年土壤保持服务和防风固沙服务能力下降,而2007～2018年两种服务能力都呈上升趋势,总体呈现改善趋势.3)以生态区为单位,每个生态区的核心生态系统服务不同.1992～2018年各服务簇整体服务能力提高.区域生态系统服务评估是厘清生态系统复杂性的关键,本研究可为推进新疆乃至干旱区的生态规划、生态修复与保护,提高生态系统服务能力的重要参考.
Characteristics of Spatiotemporal Changes in Ecosystem Services in Xinjiang Ecological Zones
Based on land cover and classification data,meteorological data,watershed data,soil data,digital elevation model,the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),etc.,the Integrated Valuable of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs Model and Revised Wind Erosion Equation was used to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of ecosystem services and service bundles in different ecological zones in Xinjiang from 1992 to 2018.The results show the following:1)Habitat support services and carbon storage and sequestration capacity in Xinjiang have significantly increased from 1992 to 2018,with the most notable changes being observed in the Altai Mountains-Junggar Basin Western Mountain Forest and Grassland Ecological Zone,Tianshan Mountain Forest and Grassland Ecological Zone,and Pamir-Kunlun Mountains-Altun Mountains Alpine Grassland Ecological Zone.2)Soil conservation services,windbreak and sand fixation services exhibited segmented characteristics around 2007.The capabilities of both services declined from 1992 to 2007 but showed an increasing trend from 2007 to 2018,indicating an overall improvement.3)Each ecological zone has distinct core ecosystem services,with the overall capabilities of each service bundle improving from 1992 to 2018.Regional ecosystem service assessments play a critical role in understanding ecosystem complexity.This research can serve as an important reference for the promotion of ecological planning,restoration,and protection in Xinjiang and even in arid regions,thereby enhancing ecosystem service capabilities.
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