The history of defining microplastics and their distribution in the Earth's environ-ment is summarized by the paper.A large amount of information shows that microplastics are commonly found in oceans,atmosphere,soil,freshwater lakes,rivers,and drinking water envi-ronments.The abundance of microplastics increases with increasing pedestrian density.Interna-tional environmental organizations attach great importance to the microplastics phenomenon and have implemented restrictive measures in different fields.In the future,the following aspects will be attached,involving development of the convenient instrument for detection of microplas-tic size and abundance,increase production of environment-friendly plastics,deep dataization of physiological and pathological research on the specific hazards of microplastics,and a big fi-nancial investment will be received.