信念如何解决荀子道德动力问题
How Does Belief Solve the Problem of Moral Motivation in Xunzi
杨泽波 1李宗宜2
作者信息
- 1. 山东大学易学与中国古代哲学研究中心,山东济南 250100
- 2. 复旦大学哲学学院,上海 200433
- 折叠
摘要
引入西方行为哲学的研究成果,以信念为核心说明道德动力问题,是近年来荀子研究的一个重要进步.信念可以分解为"信"和"愿"两个部分."信"与认知相关,指对道的认识,重点在真."愿"与情感相关,指乐意行善,重点在心甘情愿.荀子重视"信",重视认知,但对"愿"过于乐观,理解不透,"信"与"愿"有一间之隔,致使其学说有道德无力之弊.以为"信"自然能够派生"愿",只要加强认知,给足行动的主观理由和客观理由,就可以解决道德动力问题的想法,尚有进一步讨论的空间.儒家生生伦理学以三分法为基础,将"信"纳入智性范畴,将"愿"纳入仁性范畴.智性是认知,可以认识道,信任道,达到真.仁性是伦理心境,伦理心境有先在性,决定人本身就有道德的要求,自愿行善.如是,信念才能真正落实,由知到行才有充足动能,荀子道德动力问题才能得到解决.
Abstract
In recent years,introducing the research results of Western behavioral philosophy to explain the problem of moral motivation with belief as the core is an important progress in Xunzi's research.Belief can be bro-ken down into two parts:"believing"and"willing"."Believing"is related to cognition,which refers to the recogni-tion of the Dao,focusing on truth."Willing"is related to emotion and refers to the willingness to do good works,focusing on willingness.Xunzi attaches importance to"believing"and cognition,but he is too optimistic about"will-ing"and does not understand it well.There is a certain difference between"believing"and"willing",which makes his doctrine lack of moral motivation.The idea that"believing"can naturally give rise to"willing",and that as long as the cognition is strengthened and sufficient subjective and objective reasons for action are provided,the problem of moral motivation can be solved,still requires further discussion.Shengsheng Ethics of Confucianism is based on trichotomy,which puts"believing"into the category of Zhixing and"willing"into the category of Renxing.Zhixing is cognition,which allows one to recognize the Tao,believe in the Tao,and attain truth.Renxing is the ethics,which is prior and determines that people themselves have moral requirements and are willing to do good.In this way,belief can be truly realized,and there is sufficient kinetic energy to transfer cognition into action,so that Xun-zi's problem of lacking moral motivation can be solved.
关键词
荀子/信念/三分法/道德动力/儒家生生伦理学Key words
Xunzi/belief/trichotomy/moral motivation/Shengsheng Ethics of Confucianism引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据