心理学在儿童证言收集与运用中的应用路径
Approaches of Integrating Psychological Theories into the Gathering and Evaluation of Children's Testimony
陈苏豪1
作者信息
- 1. 南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院;最高人民检察院重罪检察证据分析研究基地
- 折叠
摘要
以儿童证言收集与运用为中心的分析表明,心理学理论司法应用存在政策参考、专家意见和科学教育三种路径.政策参考路径侧重于将心理学理论转化为具体规则,分离了教育与应用两个阶段,虽然高效,但价值导向片面化,容易流于形式.专家意见路径着重发挥心理学理论在个案审查中的辅助作用,教育与应用得以统一.心理学专家意见难以通过最大个别化原则的检验,将之作为专门性证据的必要性并未得到充分论证.科学教育路径希望提升公安司法人员专业化水平以应对专门性知识匮乏的困境,但如何选择合适的教育对象、教育方式和教育内容尚需深入研究.为增强心理学的应用实效,需对三种路径进行整合,以人际互动提升教育培训的针对性,同时吸收心理学专家参与案件办理、开展实证研究,最终将成熟经验转化为取证规则.
Abstract
There are three approaches for the judicial application of psychological theory according to anal-ysis based on the gathering and evaluation of children's testimonies:policy reference,expert opinion,and sci-entific education.The policy reference approach focuses on transforming psychological theories into specific rules,separating education and application phases.Although efficient,the value orientation of this approach is one-sided and reform under such an approach tends to become formalism.The expert opinion approach focu-ses on the complementary role of psychological theory in case-by-case review,combining education with ap-plication.Expert opinions given by psychologists fail in meeting the principle of maximal individualization and the need to refer to expertise of this kind has not been thoroughly demonstrated in practice.The scientific edu-cation approach seeks to enhance the professionalism in order to make up for the lack of specialized knowledge among the police,prosecutors and judges,but how to choose the appropriate participants,methods and con-tents is still a subject that requires extensive studies.Three approaches should be integrated.The quality of ed-ucation and training can be improved by interpersonal interactions.Psychologists should be invited to partici-pate in real cases and conduct empirical researches.Results of the above process could be written into rules on evidence gathering.
关键词
儿童证言/心理学/证据收集与运用/交叉研究/应用路径Key words
children's testimony/psychology/gathering and evaluation of evidence/interdisciplinary study/approach引用本文复制引用
基金项目
中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2021M703614)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据