作为融贯性原理的最佳证据原则
The Best Evidence Principle as the Principle of Coherence
樊传明 1崔瀚月1
作者信息
摘要
最佳证据原理是对证据规则进行系统化整合的一种理论尝试,它在证据法学研究史上经历了盛衰转变.考察最佳证据原理的学说史,可以为中国证据规则的体系化提供有益参考.吉尔伯特最早系统阐述了最佳证据"规则",后经格林列夫等追随者而进一步发展.塞耶的批评使该理论走向衰落;到了威格摩尔时代即证据规则法典化前夕,它退缩到文书原件规则这一狭窄角落.20 世纪末南斯为最佳证据"原则"辩护,使其在当代证据法学研究中再次受到重视.但现代证据法具有多元的价值基础,为其提供单一的实质性统括原则是不可能的.因此,最佳证据原则应当作为证据法的一项原则性规范,而非刚性的证据规则或者单一化的统括性原理,并发挥生成证据规则和指导司法裁量的功能.
Abstract
The best evidence principle is a theoretical attempt to systematically integrate the rules of evi-dence.It has experienced ups and downs in the history of evidence law research.Gilbert was the first to ex-pound the best evidence principle systematically,which was further developed by Greenleaf and other follow-ers.Thayer's criticisms contributed to the theory's decline.By the time of Wigmore,on the eve of the codifica-tion of the rules of evidence,it retreated into the narrow corner of the original document rule.At the end of the 20th century,Nance defended the best evidence principle,which again attracted attention in contemporary le-gal research on evidence.However,modern evidence law has multiple value bases,and it is impossible to pro-vide a single substantive overarching principle for it.Therefore,the best evidence principle should be regarded as a principled norm of evidence law,rather than a rigid rule of evidence or a single overarching principle.It can play the role of generating evidence rules and guiding judicial discretion.A theoretical review of the best evidence rule can provide a useful reference for the systematization of China's evidence rules.
关键词
最佳证据/排除规则/原件规则/证据激励Key words
best evidence rule/exclusionary rule/origenal documents rule/evidence motivation引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
维普
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