预防性刑法的正当性及其限度:基于合宪性的检视
The Justification of Preventive Criminal Law and Its Limits:an Examination based on Constitutionality
陈俊秀 1余惠芳2
作者信息
- 1. 福州大学;中国社会科学院法学研究所;贵州省社会科学院
- 2. 福州大学
- 折叠
摘要
以控制风险、维护安全为内生动力的预防性刑法,在刑事立法中主要表现在恐怖主义、经济、网络、药品及环境领域.这些领域的刑事立法存在其正当性根基:外部根基体现在当代社会的安全需求及相关前置规范的不足,内部根基体现于机能主义刑法观的催生及刑法体系的刑事政策化.宪法作为法秩序的规范框架,可为预防性刑法的正当性及其限度提供评价依据.预防性刑法保护安全及秩序的同时,也对公民的自由权利构成限制.然而,这种限制在形式上应遵循立法权限和立法程序,在实质上符合目的正当性、适当性、必要性以及均衡性要求.预防性刑法的合宪性审查难题在于均衡性,如何把握均衡性的限度是厘清预防性刑法界限的关键.立法者应遵循法律保留的差异性处理,确保预防性刑法所配置的刑罚和行为的风险程度相适应.同时,贯通以基本权利为内核的法益保护,从而为预防性刑法划界.
Abstract
Preventive criminal law,which is endogenously driven by controlling risks and maintaining security,is mainly manifested in criminal legislation in the fields of terrorism,economy,network,medicine and environment.The criminal legislation in these fields has its justification roots:the external roots are reflected in the security needs of the contemporary society and the inadequacy of the relevant antecedent norms,and the internal roots are reflected in the emergence of the functionalist criminal law concept and the criminalization of the criminal policy of the criminal law system.The Constitution,as the normative framework of the legal order,provides the basis for evaluating the legitimacy and limits of preventive criminal law.Preventive criminal law protects security and order,but it also restricts the right to liberty of citizens However,such limitations must follow legislative authority and procedures in form,and in substance they should meet the requirements of justification of purpose,appropriateness,necessity and equilibrium.The difficulty in reviewing the constitutionality of preventive criminal law lies in equilibrium,and how to grasp the limits of equilibrium is the key to clarify the boundaries of preventive criminal law.Legislators should follow the differential treatment of legal reservations to ensure that the penalties allocated by the preventive criminal law and the degree of risk of the behavior are appropriate.In addition,it should be consistent with the protection of the interests of the legal system with fundamental rights at its core,so as to delimit the boundaries of preventive criminal law.
关键词
预防性刑法/基本权利/比例原则/合宪性调控Key words
preventive criminal law/fundamental rights/principle of proportionality/constitutional regulation引用本文复制引用
基金项目
福建省社科规划项目(FJ2021BF015)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据