The Influences of Weng Tonghe and Zhang Yinhuan on Emperor Guangxu's Appointment of Kang Youwei's in 1898
The theories that Weng Tonghe recommended Kang Youwei,or that Zhang Yinhuan recommended Kang Youwei are both onesided.In fact,from the winter of 1897 to the spring of 1898,Weng Tonghe suggested Kang Youwei to the imperial court out of consideration for reform.This recommendation attracted the attention of Emperor Guangxu,who was eager for reform,and who repeatedly ordered the Zongli Yamen to submit Kang Youwei's articles and books,thus paving the way for Kang's appointment.In the meantime,Zhang Yinhuan,who had a close relationship with Kang,also played a supporting role,but not the leading role.In the spring of 1898 Weng Tonghe distanced himself from Kang because he was dissatisfied with Kang's"A Study of Confucius as a Reformer".Meanhwhile,Emperor Guangxu was estranged from Weng because of Weng's reluctance to continue to submit Kang's book and opposition to the reform of diplomatic etiquette.Therefore,Zhang Yinhuan,who valued Western learning and who was familiar with foreign affairs,gradually became the Minister Emperor Guangxu relied on most to implement reforms.After the Hundred Days Reform,due to Weng's removal,Kang's main supporter was no longer Weng but Zhang.Comparatively,Zhang's support for Kang was more secretive than Weng's support for Kang.Therefore,when Kang and Liang later described the Reform Movement of 1898,they talked more about Weng and less about Zhang.
Reform Movement of 1898Emperor GuangxuKang YouweiWeng TongheZhang Yinhuan
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