The Development of Privatization and the Tenancy System on Banner Land in the Beijing Area in Qing Dynasty
This article takes the relationship between bannermen and commoners as the starting point to examine the privatization process and the development of the tenancy system on Banner Lands in the Beijing area.The article argues that banner lands underwent a transformation from state-owned to private ownership in the early Qing.Because the government banned property transfers between Bannermen and commoners,many land transactions took the forms of mortgage,non-redeemable mortgage,long term lease,and"private contract."During the mid-Qing,this tenancy system became the basic form of banner land management and exhibited the following characteristics:First,the banner landlord(property owner)and the tenant constituted the two parts of the tenancy relationship.Second,the Qing court only allowed the Banner landlords to collect rent,but they could not evict tenants or increase the rent.Third,the separation of the ownership of banner land from the tenancy right,which leads to the establishment of the permanent tenant right.These conditions had a profound impact on the relations between the bannermen and commoners in the area near Beijing.
Qing dynastyBeijing areatenancy systemrelationship between Bannermen and commoners
万方数据
维普
