The Proposal for the Development of Copper Mining and the Minting Policy of Dzungaria in the Qianlong Reign
After the Qing Dynasty pacified Dzungaria(Tianshan Beilu),a large amount of money from the mainland flowed into the region.In the fortieth year of the Qianlong reign,the Qing court established the Baoyi Bureau in Dzungaria,casting coins in accordance with the form of currency production in the mainland.To solve the problem of copper sourcing and copper factory management,the Qing government opened copper mines and built copper refineries near Ili.After the management and rectification of the Qing court,the problem of prisoners escaping from copper refineries and the decrease in copper mine production was effectively solved.In actual circulation,there was often a problem of mixing the new Pul money from the Southern March(Tianshan Nanlu)with money from Dzungaria,as well as private casting and sales.The Qing court intended to solve the problem by unifying the currency systems of the northern and southern Tianshan Mountains and exchanging currency systems.In practical operation,the Qing court chose to"transition from relaxation to prohibition",ensuring the stability of economic and social order.The stability of copper mine development and coinage policies in the region was the result of the Qing government's reasonable consideration of the economic governance policies in the Dzungaria.
the Dzungaria(Tianshan Beilu)copper coin moneythe Baoyi Bureaucopper mining
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