Negotiations between China and Russia over Navigation on the Amur River and the Return of Dzungar Fugitives in the Mid-eighteenth Century:The Bratischev Mission to China
In the first half of the eighteenth century,the Russian government organized several expeditions to explore northeastern Siberia and the North Pacific coast,leading to increasing interest in the Amur River.Thus,Russian government dispatched the Bratischev Mission to China to negotiate navigation issues in 1756-1757.The arrival of the Bratischev Mission coincided with a critical juncture in the Qing Dynasty's campaign against the Dzungars,during which key leaders such as Amursana and some Hankatun Wulianghai Jaisang fled to Russia.The Qing court determined to obtain the return of these fugitive leaders,while Russia repeatedly harbored them,causing intense turbulence in Sino-Russian relations and ultimately preventing the Bratischev mission from achieving its objectives.The collision between navigation and fugitive issues during this period marked a new peak in Sino-Russian relations and laid the groundwork for a series of subsequent problems.
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