On the Relationship between Sub-prefectures(Ting)and Management over Civilians under Garrisons in Northeast China during Qing Dynasty
After Fengtian Fu with its subordinate Zhou and Xian were founded in Northeast China,further effective management were required outside those prefectures.The establishment of Tongzhi and Tongpan then became the important way to manage people under control of the eight-banner garrisons before.When these Tongzhi and Tongpan began to take charge of the gathering immigrants used to be managed by nearby Zhou and Xian,garrisons managed all the affairs in their own ranges.However,when settled newcomers became too many for garrisons to deal with,Tings were introduced into the range of garrisons,mainly taking charge of immigrants and related judicial affairs.Tings and the set of institutions of administrative divisions finally exempted garrisons from any affairs related to civilians or jurisdiction when the cultivators continued immigrating throughout the entire Northeast China area,ending up with a complete replacement over eight-banner garrisons in local administrations.
system of sub-prefectures(Ting)Eight-Banner garrisonsabalienation of authoritylocal governanceadministrative division
万方数据
维普
