摘要
1937年7月,日本全面侵华之后,受战争破坏、洋米进口困难、邻省限制粮食自由流通、日军抢夺和低价购买国米等多重因素影响,广东大米输入减少,复以灾荒频仍,使本来就是缺粮大省的广东粮食短缺问题更加严重,全省米价飞涨,民不聊生,抢米风潮频发,军粮民食面临巨大困难.面对日益严峻的米荒局面,广东省政府1938-1939年上半年与中山县等县政府和潮汕等地商会一道,屡次向国民政府申请洋米免税并获批准.为缓解广东粮食问题,1939年下半年之后,国民政府不再纠结洋米是否免税,放开政策鼓励进口.与此同时,广东省政府也颁布《广东省非常时期人民购运洋米入口颁给奖章奖状办法》等条令,鼓励民间自行进口洋米.在广东省、县政府和各地商会努力下,1938-1942年分别输入448.37万、156.7万、25.9万、121.9万和27.2万市担洋米,进口数量虽然较全面抗战之前大为减少,但是对于广东民食还是起到了一定的补充作用,从而也间接支援了广东抗战.
Abstract
After Japan's invasion of China in July 1937,the import of rice was reduced in Guangdong due to the war destruction,difficulties in importing foreign rice,restrictions on the free flow of grain from neighboring provinces and the Japanese military's robbery and low-cost purchases of domestic rice.In addition,frequent natural disasters exacerbated the province's existing food shortage problem.As a result,the price of rice in the province soared,leading to a series of panic purchase of rice and huge difficulties in the provision for both the military and people.In response to the severe food shortage,various local business associations and the provincial government in Guangdong frequently applied for tax exemptions on foreign rice from the Nationalist Government.In the second half of 1939,the Nationalist Government began to encourage the import of foreign rice to ease the food problem in Guangdong.Meanwhile,the Guangdong Provincial Government also issued some regulations to encourage the local citizens to import foreign rice such as Regulations on Medals and Certificates for the People's Purchase or Import of Foreign Rice in the Time of Stress in Guangdong Province.Between 1938 and 1942,with joint efforts from governments at all levels and the business associations in Guangdong imported about 4.48 million,1.567 million,259,000,1.219 million and 272,000 Dan of foreign rice respectively.The total imported quantity though reduced sharply compared to that before the period of total resistance against Japan it did play a certain role in supplementing the food supply of Guangdong and therefore supported the local resistance.
基金项目
国家社科基金重点项目(21AZS012)
山东大学人文社科"近代中国粮食安全问题研究"项目(22RWZD05)
山东大学人文社会科学创新团队"中华文明传承、转型与新形态建构"项目()
NETL
NSTL
万方数据