Since World War Ⅱ,Japanese small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)have undergone four distinct phases in their internationalization:the export-oriented phase,the foreign investment development phase,the accelerated overseas expansion phase,and the globalization phase.This process has followed a progressive trajectory of"export trade—direct investment—localized production and consumption".In recent years,driven by the reshaping of global economic order,technological innovation,and digital transformation,Japanese SMEs have exhibited several new trends in their international expansion.These include diversification in globalization strategies,increasingly complex motivations,integration into global production and supply chain systems,alignment with economic transformation objectives,and greater sensitivity to geopolitical factors.Additionally,economic securitization has introduced new uncertainties,while refined and specialized management of Japanese SMEs have emerged as a significant competitive advantage.Inresponse to shrinking domestic markets and expanding international demand,Japan has actively supported SMEs in their overseas endeavors by implementing comprehensive development strategies,providing fiscal and tax incentives,fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration,offering multi-tiered financial support system,and improving the integrated support plan of end-to-end international business services.Against the backdrop of rising trade protectionism and increasing global political-economic complexity,Chinese SMEs face heightened challenges in their own internationalization efforts.The measures adopted by Japan to support SME globalization offer valuable insights and potential lessons for China to strengthen its policies and strategies in facilitating overseas development.
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