2023年广西钦州市荔枝花而不实的气象成因及对策
Meteorological Causes and Countermeasures of Lychee More Flowers but Few-er Fruits in Qinzhou City,Guangxi,in 2023
黄汝红 1邢卫东 1陆晓丽 1胡定 1劳世毓 1朱小玲1
作者信息
- 1. 钦州市气象局 广西 钦州 535000
- 折叠
摘要
对广西钦州市主要荔枝栽培品种成花、坐果进行跟踪观测和实地调查,并结合 2022/2023 年度钦州市荔枝花芽分化期至果实成熟期的气象条件进行诊断分析,得出 2023 年钦州市荔枝花而不实的气象成因是:2022 年冬季适度低温干燥天气有利于荔枝花芽分化,2023 年春季荔枝普遍成花良好;但荔枝抽穗期高温干旱,荔枝花量大,雌花比例小;荔枝开花期遇 2 次低温天气过程,严重影响授粉受精;幼果期遇持续性降雨,造成严重落果;果实膨大后期至成熟期降雨量偏多,导致大量裂果和落果.针对以上不良天气对荔枝开花坐果的影响,提出相应的防御对策.
Abstract
Tracking observations and field investigations of prime litchi cultivars in Qinzhou city for flower formation and fruit set,combined with a diagnosis and analysis of the meteorological conditions from the litchi flower bud differentiation period to the fruit ripening period in Qinzhou city in the year 2022/2023,revealed that the meteorological causes for lychee more flowers but fewer fruits in Qinzhou city in the year 2023 are as follows:the moderately cold and dry weather conditions in the winter of 2022 are favorable for litchi flower bud differentiation,and the litchi conditions in the spring of 2023 are gen-erally well-flowered,but high temperature and drought conditions during the spiking period of lychee,with a high quantity of flowers but a low proportion of female flowers;the lychee flowering period experiences two low-temperature weather pro-cesses,which seriously affect pollination and fertilization;young fruits experience persistent rainfall,resulting in severe fruit drop;and excessive rainfall from the late fruit expansion to the ripening period,resulting in a large number of cracked fruit and fruit drop.For the adverse weather effects on litchi flowering and fruiting,corresponding defense countermeasures have been proposed.
关键词
天气/荔枝/花而不实/坐果率/防御对策Key words
weather/lychee/more flowers but fewer fruits/fruit setting rate/defensive countermeasures引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据