在快速城镇化背景下,我国城市热环境急剧恶化,研究城市化对温度变化的影响有助于深入认识我国气候变化特征.然而,以往相关研究多聚焦于气温或地温中的一项指标,尚不完全清楚城市化对二者影响的差异.本文利用福建省20个气象站逐日地表气温(简称气温)和0m地温(简称地温)资料,采用趋势分析和UMR(Urban Minus Rural)等方法,旨在探讨1987-2017年福建省气温、地温变化中的城市化影响.结果表明:(1)福建省气温和地温变化具有很大时空异质性;就区域平均而言,年和各季节平均温度均呈增加趋势,但地温上升幅度普遍高于气温.(2)城市化对城市站日平均、最高和最低温度变化的影响存在很大差异;其中,对年平均地温变化的影响(0.18℃·(10 a)-1,P<0.01)明显高于对气温的影响(0.08℃·(10 a)-1,P<0.05),对各季节平均地温变化的影响也高于气温.(3)在基于所有台站计算的福建省年平均地温序列中检测出显著的城市化影响(0.06℃·(10 a)-1,P<0.05),且这种城市化影响偏差在春季和夏季地温序列中更加明显.综上,基于台站观测数据的福建省气温和地温变化速率差异与城市化对二者的增温效应差异密切相关;建议在未来相关研究中对此予以考虑和剔除,从而促进对区域气候和生态环境变化的认识.
Impact of Urbanization on Air Temperature and Ground Temperature Change in Fujian Province
Under the background of rapid urbanization,the urban thermal environment in China has deteriorated sharply.Studying the impact of urbanization on temperature helps to gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics of climate change in China.However,previous studies have mostly focused on either air temperature or ground temperature,and the differences in the impact of urbanization on the two are not fully understood.Based on the data of daily surface air temperature(hereafter referred to as air temperature)and ground surface temperature(hereafter referred to as ground temperature)from 20 meteorological stations in Fujian Province,this study applied trend analysis and the urban minus rural method to explore the influence of urbanization on the changes of air temperature and ground temperature in Fujian Province during 1987-2017.The results showed that(1)the changes in the two indexes exhibited a large spatiotemporal heterogeneity.In terms of regional average temperature,both annual and seasonal average temperatures showed an increasing trend,but the increase in ground temperature was generally higher than that of the air temperature.(2)The impacts of urbanization on the daily mean,maximum,and minimum air and ground temperatures were largely different.The influence of urbanization on the change of annual mean ground temperature(0.18℃·(10 a)-1,P<0.01)was greater than that on annual mean air temperature(0.08℃·(10 a)-1,P<0.05).Similarly,the impact on the average ground temperature changes in each season was also higher than that of air temperature.(3)In the regional annual mean ground temperature of Fujian Province calculated based on data from all stations,a significant urbanization bias was detected(0.06℃·(10 a)-1,P<0.05).This bias was more obvious in mean ground temperature in spring and summer.Therefore,the difference in change rates of air and ground temperatures in Fujian Province was related to the warming effects of urbanization.It is recommended that urbanization biases should be considered and eliminated in future studies to improve our understanding of regional climate and ecological changes.
air temperatureground temperaturechange trendurbanizationasymmetry
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