Epidemiological characteristics and etiological analysis of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in children in Kaifeng city from 2018 to 2022
Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics and etiological detection results of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD)in children in Kaifeng city from 2018 to 2022,and provide reference information for formulating and adjusting the prevention strategies.Methods The data of children with HFMD in Kaifeng city from 2018 to 2022 were exported from the"China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention",and the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed from the dimensions of gender,age and onset time.The etiological detection results and vaccination were recorded,and the descriptive epidemiological methods were used for analysis and summary.Results The incidence rate of HFMD in children in Kaifeng city showed a significantly decreasing trend from 2018 to 2022(341.74/100 000,178.30/100 000,164.09/100 000,93.14/100 000,54.14/100 000),with a statistical difference(x2=5 334.949,P＜0.001).A total of 14 385 cases were reported in the past 5 years,including 9 severe cases in 2018 and 5 severe cases in 2019,and no severe cases were found in 2020-2022.The peak time of the disease was from April to July in 2018 and 2019,from August to October in 2020 and from June to August in 2021 and 2022.The highest incidence rate was 1-＜2 years old(1 068.45/100 000),and the incidence rate was decreased significantly with the increase of age,the difference was statistically significant(x2=40102.739,P＜0.001).The cumulative number of reported cases in 0-＜4 years old was 11 978,accounting for 83.27％,and the cumulative number of reported cases in 0-＜6 years old was 13 823,accounting for 96.09％.The incidence rate in male patients was higher than that in female patients,and the difference in each year was statistically significant(x2=255.601,110.045,47.887,49.199,25.565;all P＜0.001).The cumulative reported cases in the past 5 years were 8 499 males(59.08％)and 5 886 females(40.92％),with the gender ratio of 1.44:1.Etiological sampling showed that the positive rate of enterovirus type 7(EV-71)in 2019 was significantly higher than that in 2018,the difference was statistically significant(x2=63.154,P＜0.001).In 2020 and 2021,other enterovirus infections were dominant,and no EV-71 positive cases were found.The positive rate of coxsakievirus A16(CV-A16)in 2020 was significantly lower than that in 2018,2019 and 2021,the difference was statistically significant(x2=47.224,P＜0.001).The estimated vaccination rates of EV-71 vaccine among school-age children from 2018 to 2020 were 10.86％,11.46％and 15.74％,respectively,which decreased to 11.61％in 2021 and increased to 15.27％in 2022,indicating an overall upward trend in vaccination rate.Conclusions The incidence rate of HFMD in children in Kaifeng city showed a significantly decreasing trend from 2018 to 2022,and the epidemiological characteristics show obvious season,gender and age differences.Active etiological detection and vaccination had a positive effect on the prevention of HFMD.
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
