In the process of object-oriented development,UML class diagrams,as the main way to express the static structure of a system,contain a large amount of structural information,making it difficult to ensure consistency between various hierarchical class diagrams in the software development stage.To ensure the consistency of UML class diagrams,formal methods are usually combined with UML class diagrams to analyze and verify the refinement process of class diagrams.However,there is often a problem of information loss or increase in UML class diagram models during the formalization process.Introducing a formal model with a unified structure will not lose or add information.There-fore,first describe the UML class diagram as a unified structure and provide the definition of refinement functions;Then provide an algorithm to verify the effectiveness of the refined function;Finally,perform instance verification on the developed prototype tool.The verification experi-ment results of the refinement process indicate that this method can help designers timely detect and handle inconsistencies in class diagrams.