德国西宁根与中国灵井的骨器比较
Comparison of bone artifacts from the Sch?ningen site in Germany and the Lingjing site in China
王华 1李占扬 1Thijs van KOLFSCHOTEN2
作者信息
- 1. 山东大学环境与社会考古国际合作联合实验室,青岛 266237;山东大学考古学院,青岛 266237
- 2. 山东大学环境与社会考古国际合作联合实验室,青岛 266237;School of Archaeology Leiden University,Netherlands
- 折叠
摘要
相似性在人类体质、文化和技术等方面的演化过程中扮演着非常重要的角色.本文涉及到的两个遗址,位于德国的旧石器时代早期遗址西宁根13地点Ⅱ-4层和位于中国北方地区的旧石器时代中期灵井遗址10-11层,出土的考古遗存具有极大的相似性.两个遗址保存状况都非常好,且均出土有大量的石器和动物化石.最为引人注意的是,两个遗址出土的动物遗存特点以及骨器相关的遗存也表现出多个方面的相似性.经鉴定,两个遗址均出土有多个种属的食肉动物、一种象,两种犀牛属动物、两种马科动物,多种鹿类以及牛科动物.两个遗址均出土有修整石器所用的骨质软锤,以及利用食草动物的掌跖骨制作的用于砸骨吸髓的骨锤.这些锤子的远端具有特定的破裂形态.考虑到两个遗址之间的距离以及年代差异,这些相似性非常值得关注,但我们不认为两个遗址的相似性代表的是文化上的联系.相反,我们认为这种相似性反映的是人类在相似的环境中采取了相似的行为模式,同时相似的埋藏条件也起到一定的作用.
Abstract
Similarities play an important role in the reconstruction of human physical,cultural and technological evolution.The two sites presented in this paper,the Middle Palaeolithic site Lingjing in China Layer 10 and 11 and the Lower Palaeolithic site Schöningen 13 11-4,the so-called Schöningen Spear Horizon in Germany,show striking similarities.The archaeological record of both sites includes lithic artifacts as well as a very large assemblage of fossil bones.The preservation of the material at both sites is excellent and the faunas encountered at both sites show many similarities.The faunal lists of both sites include a diverse carnivore guild,an elephant species,two different rhinoceros species,two different equids,different cervids and large bovids.Both sites also yielded bone retouchers as well as a unique record of bone hammers that show identical,unusual flaking and percussion damage.These similarities are remarkable if one takes into account the difference in age(ca 200 kaBP)and the geographical distance between the two sites of ca 8000 km.Therefore,we do not assume a close cultural link between the hominin populations active at both sites.The authors assume that the observed similarities show more or less identical,opportunistic hominin behaviour at both sites located in a comparable environment with more or less similar taphonomic conditions.
关键词
旧石器时代/露天遗址/骨器/中国/欧洲Key words
Palaeolithic/open-air sites/bone tools/Asia/Europe引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BKG036)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据