摘要
鼻是人类面部形态特征的主要标志之一,同时也具有重要的生理功能.目前国内外关于鼻形态的研究主要包括以下方面:鼻形态的性别、年龄、种族差异,影响鼻形态差异的因素,鼻形态相关参数的测量方法,鼻形态研究的相关应用等.本文通过归纳梳理相关文献的研究数据及结论,对鼻形态相关研究、鼻形态数据测量方法等作简要概述,并对国内鼻形态研究作简要回顾及展望.
Abstract
The nose,as a key point of human facial morphology,exhibits distinctive features for individual appearance and possesses vital physiological functions simultaneously.Specifically,the size and shape of the nose,as well as the proportional relationship between the nose and the face,are crucial factors in facial aesthetics.Moreover,it is also one of the important indicators of ethnographic classification in some studies.Additionally,the nose plays a very significant role during human breathing as it can guide the airflow,alter the airflow resistance,regulate the body's water loss,and maintain the heat balance.Current research on nasal morphological variation,both domestic and international,mainly encompasses the following various aspects of nasal morphology:1)Sex-and age-related differences in nasal morphological variation.Generally,males have larger noses than females,especially in terms of nose width,length,and height.However,nasal angle measurements of men,such as the nasofrontal angle,nasal tip angle,nasolabial angle,and alar slope angle,are smaller than those of women.The distribution of nostril shape also varies significantly between men and women.Regarding age difference,there is a critical period for nose growth in adolescence,approximately from age 9 a to 14 a.2)Nasal morphological differences of the human nose among various ethnic groups.One of the most notable distinctions is the nostril shape.Essentially,Caucasian people have leptorrhine nostril shape,with larger nose height and smaller width;African people have platyrrhine shape,with smaller nose height and larger width;while Asians have mesorrhine shape with medium nose height and width.3)Factors that affect nasal morphological variation,such as the head size,climate and environment,genetic factors and inheritance,and so forth;4)Measurement of nasal morphological parameters,including facial landmarks and measurement methodology,both traditional and developed methods.5)Related applications of nasal morphology,including those in the fields of disease diagnosis,medical orthopedics,personal identification,forensic investigation,and so on.By summarizing and understanding the research data and conclusions of related existing literature,this paper provides a brief overview of the nasal morphology-related studies and methods of the measurement of nasal morphology.Firstly,it describes the nasal morphological variation between men and women.Secondly,it demonstrates the nose growth difference during different age periods.Thirdly,it compares the nasal morphological differences among ethnicities.Fourthly,it emulates multiple factors that may affect nasal morphology.Fifthly,it introduces the basic nasal morphological parameters and methods.Finally,it gives a review and prospect of the domestic research on nasal morphology.
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