A contrast test was performed on a S195 direct spraying diesel engine. The test results show that to burn bio-diesel and ethanol-diesel will deteriorate the power performance of the diesel engine, however, the power performance of the diesel engine burning rapeseed oil-based bio-diesel is close to that of the diesel burning pure diesel and that of the diesel engine burning ethanol-diesel is relatively poor. Both oil consumption rates of the diesel engine burning bio-diesel and ethanol-diesel are higher than that burning pure diesel. The oil consumption rate of the bio-diesel is higher than that of ethanol-diesel. However, with an increase of the load, this difference will assume a descending tendency. Both bio-diesel and ethanol-diesel can maintain a relatively low amount of CO emissions in a comparatively large range when compared with pure diesel. However,at a low load,such an improvement is not evident and even gets worsened. At a high load,the CO emissions of the blended fuels will decrease much more than those of pure diesel. Under the majority of the operating conditions, the HC emissions of both bio-diesel and ethanol-diesel are higher than that of pure diesel and the NOX and carbon-contained flue gas emissions of the bio-diesel and ethanol-diesel are lower than that of pure diesel, among them, the bio-diesel behaves better than the ethanol-diesel.