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新时代民生视域下的个人发展权研究

On the Right to Individual Development from the Perspective of People's Livelihood in the New Era

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个人发展权既是国际人权理论中形成的新概念,也能在马克思主义关于人的全面自由发展的论述中寻找到其理论渊源,因而人的发展既包含全面发展,也涵括自由发展.在民生视域中,个人发展权可分为基础性权利、支持性权利和保障性权利三大类.基础性权利侧重于人的发展基础条件的培养和塑造,以受教育权和健康权为代表;支持性权利是为了使人的发展有更高的平台、更好的支撑,文化权与参与权是其中的典型;保障性权利是以社会安全权为核心,为人们在社会中的生存、生活、生计提供安全的社会环境.
In today's society,the right to development is often undervalued or even disparaged due to its nature as a"collective human right,"for it seems to deviate from the fundamental characteristics of human rights when discussing national or ethnic rights.However,while the right to development can refer to the development of a country or nation,it does not mean that this collective right cannot also be an indi-vidual right.As a new type of human right,the right to development is closely related to individuals'basic living conditions and legitimate survival status,as well as their ability to realize personal potential and self-worth in society.From the perspective of livelihood,the right to personal development can be divided into three main catego-ries:fundamental rights,supportive rights,and protective rights.Fundamental rights are essential for personal development.In other words,without these rights,individu-als cannot nurture their personality or develop their abilities,let alone realize their values on the social stage.The right to education and the right to health are representa-tive of fundamental rights.The right to education enhances individuals'internal quali-ties for development,while the right to health provides medical and health security from the state in terms of lifespan,physical condition,and mental health for personal development.Supportive rights refer to opportunities and platforms provided by the state and society,along with necessary guarantees,enabling individuals to better real-ize their potential under the support of systems,policies,and laws.Participation rights(rights to participate)and cultural rights(to access cultural properties)are typical examples.The realization of cultural rights requires the state to provide resources and platforms for participation in cultural activities,as well as policies and laws that encourage and protect creativity and innovation.Additionally,cultural rights directly lead to individuals'ability to enhance themselves and realize their value through autonomous academic creation and technological innovation.Participation rights mean citizens have the right to engage in relevant public affairs,express their opinions,and present their demands,thereby contributing to public decision-making.Widely ranged public participation enhances individuals'capacity for self-development and provides institutional support for the rational and efficient operation of society.Security rights,centered on the right to social security,provide a safe social environment for individu-als'survival,living,and livelihood in society.Only by constructing a complete social security network can a solid institutional foundation and social support be provided for the realization of the right to individual development.

right to individual developmentright to educationright to healthcultural rightsparticipation rightssocial security rights

胡玉鸿

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华东政法大学人权研究院

习近平法治思想研究中心

个人发展权 受教育权 健康权 文化权 参与权 社会安全权

澳门大学"杰出访问学者"研究计划南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院国家社会科学基金重大项目国家社会科学基金重点项目

21&ZD19020AZD028

2024

人权法学
西南政法大学

人权法学

ISSN:2097-0749
年,卷(期):2024.3(5)
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