Evaluation of the Measurement Systems for Chromium Determination in Milk Powder by ICP-MS and GF-AAS
Chromium is an important analytical item in food quality and safety monitoring.Two common methods to detect chromium in food:graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GF-AAS)and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)are specified in the National Food Safety Standard Determination of Chromium in Foods(GB 5009.123-2023).This study systematically evaluated the stability,bias,linearity,repeatability,and reproducibility of the two methods using Minitab statistical tools by control chart,independent sample,t test and analysis of variance(ANOVA)methods.The results showed that no outliers were found in the range or mean plots for each method,with within-group errors under statistical control and good stability;the results of gauge linearity and bias analysis showed no significant bias or significant linear error;the gauge repeatability and reproducibility(R&R)analysis showed good repeatability and reproducibility.Two-way ANOVA showed that the sample was the only factor that significantly affected the measurement error.Research variation analysis showed that the measurement system error was acceptable.ICP-MS and GF-AAS can effectively ensure the reliability and repeatability of the detected data of chromium content in milk powder.The findings of this study can not only provide a scientific basis for laboratory analysis and control of measurement system errors,but also provide a reference for the evaluation of measurement systems for the determination of other heavy metals in dairy products and other foods.
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometrygraphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometrymilk powderchromiumMinitabmeasurement system
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