元日节俗传入琉球考
A study on the Introduction of Lunar New Year's Day to Ryukyu
徐仕佳1
作者信息
摘要
早期琉球社会基于太阳、稻谷等自然物崇拜思想设置时间循环单元"年"的起始点,这一传统在明琉之间建立"册封-朝贡"关系后逐渐被源自中国的"元日"所置换.元日节俗传入琉球群岛与明廷持续赐历琉球、琉球转口贸易蓬勃发展以及华人移民群体在琉球的活跃表现等因素有关,而琉球与朝鲜半岛、日本列岛及东南亚地区的交流也为该节俗的传播创造有利条件.琉球王府的实践能动地将"元日"范畴所含政治文化逻辑与本地传统结合,并将逐渐获得社会基础的节俗塑造为彰显王府权威及展示自身主体性的有效工具.然而王府规范化节俗的尝试亦蕴含着"反规范"的可能性,琉球元日节俗的独特性和生命力正由此而生.元日节俗传入琉球并非岁时活动在不同族群之间的简单移植,而是诸多政治主体角力的动态结果.
Abstract
The starting point of the temporal cycle unit"year"of ancient Ryukyu was based on the worship of natural objects such as the sun and rice,and this tradition was gradually replaced by the Lunar New Year's Day from China after the establishment of the tributary relationship between the Ming dynasty and Ryukyu.The introduction of customs of the Lunar New Year's Day to the Ryukyu Islands was related to factors such as the Ming Dynasty's almanac promulgation,the flourishing transit trade of Ryukyu,and the active performance of Chinese immigrant groups in Ryukyu.The exchanges between Ryukyu and other neighboring regions also created favorable conditions for the introduction of this festival and its customs.The practice of the Ryukyu royal government actively combined the political and cultural logic contained in the Lunar New Year's Day with local traditions,and shaped this festival with social acceptance into an effective tool to demonstrate the authority of the palace and showcase its subjectivity.However,the attempt to standardize the customs also contained the possibility of"anti-standardization",from which the uniqueness and vitality of the Lunar New Year's Day in the Ryukyu islands were born.The introduction of the Lunar New Year's Day into Ryukyu was not a result of casually transplanting seasonal customs among different ethnic groups,but a dynamic outcome of the power struggle among various political entities.
关键词
元日/琉球/琉球王府/时间循环单元/置换Key words
Lunar New Year's Day/Ryukyu royal government/the temporal cycle/replacement引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据