机场鸟类群落的多样性及变化是机场鸟击防控关注的重点，了解机场飞行区鸟类多样性与周边景观格局的关系可以为机场鸟击防控提供科学指导。2022年1-12月，每月对成都天府国际机场东、西跑道的鸟类进行调查，运用景观指数量化两跑道外1 km、2 km、3 km 3个尺度内的景观特征，以研究两跑道外不同范围景观格局对场内鸟类组成和多样性的影响。结果发现:(1)西跑道的鸟类多样性和3个尺度的景观多样性均较东跑道高;(2)西跑道林鸟和水鸟类群的多样性显著高于东跑道;(3)在3个尺度范围内，东跑道外农田的平均斑块面积均显著大于西跑道，东跑道农田对整体景观具有较强的主导性。推测两跑道外农田生境的差异可能对整体景观格局产生了影响，从而造成了东、西跑道鸟类多样性的差异。研究揭示场外景观格局对场内鸟类群落的塑造有重要作用，为机场外的景观管理提供了建议，与此同时还要加强重点区域和重要季节的巡查，以提前化解鸟击风险。
Influence of Landscape Patterns on Avian Diversity in the Airfield of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport
The diversity and fluctuation of bird communities within airports are of important for bird strike prevention and control.Understanding the relationship between bird diversity within the airport's flight area and the surrounding land-scape patterns can provide scientific guidance for bird strike prevention and control.From January to December 2022,monthly bird surveys were conducted at the east and west runways of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport.Landscape met-rics were employed to quantify the landscape characteristics within 1 km,2 km,and 3 km outside the two runways,aiming to investigate the impact of different landscape patterns at varying distances on the composition and diversity of birds within the airport premises.The results revealed that(1)the bird diversity and landscape diversity at all three scales were higher on the west runway than those on the east runway;(2)the diversities of forest birds and waterbirds on the west runway were significantly higher than those on the east runway;(3)at three different scales,the average patch size of farmland outside the east runway was significantly larger than that outside the west runway,indicating a stronger dominance of farmland on the east runway in the overall landscape.It is speculated that the difference in the farmland habitat outside the two runways may influence the overall landscape patterns,resulting in differences in bird diversity between the east and west runways.This study highlights the significant role of landscape patterns outside the airport in shaping bird communities within the air-port and provides recommendations for landscape management outside the airport.Additionally,it underscores the impor-tance of strengthening monitoring in critical areas and in important seasons to proactively mitigate bird strike risks.
Chengdu Tianfu International Airportavian diversitylandscape patternsbird strike preventionavian survey
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
