A robust watermarking algorithm based on SSA and RIFT in multiple joint domains
Digital watermarking technology is one of the key technologies of digital copyright protection.Aiming at the robustness improvement of digital watermark,a robust watermarking algorithm is proposed based on Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)and Radiation-variation Insensitive Feature Transform(RIFT)in multiple joint domains is proposed.Firstly,Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform(RDWT)is per-formed on the original carrier image to extract low-frequency sub-band for Hessenberg Decomposition,and singular value decomposition(SVD)is then taken on the carrier matrix.Secondly,Discrete Wavelet Trans-form(DWT)is performed on the watermark image,and the low-frequency sub-band is taken for SVD.The watermark is then embedded into the original carrier image with the embedding rule,and the watermarked im-age is obtained.Additionally,SSA is used to adaptively optimize the embedding strength.For the rotation attack,RIFT is used to carry out rotation correction.Experimental results show that the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the watermarked image is around 35 dB and the structural similarity is above 0.997.For different at-tacks,the normalized correlation coefficient of the extracted watermark is mostly above 0.97.The proposed algorithm shows better imperceptibility and robustness than other algorithms.
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