The mineralization of ion-adsorbed rare earth ore is closely related to the weathering process.The ion-adsorbed rare earth ore in South China is an important heavy rare earth resource in China,which provides 90％of the heavy rare earth resources in the world.It has the characteristics of large reserves,wide distribution and easy exploitation.In recent years,the migration and differentiation mechanism of rare earth elements during granite weathering and the metallogenic mechanism of ion-adsorbed rare earth ore have attracted extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad.The metallogenic characteristics of ion-adsorbed rare earth ore and the migration and differentiation mechanism of rare earth elements in the process of supergene weathering are summarized by summarizing the structure development of granite weathering crust and the distribution and occurrence of rare earth elements in the weathering section.During weathering,rare earth elements are released from the primary minerals and mainly adsorbated in the clay minerals of the weathering crust.Groundwater activities and the transformation of primary and secondary minerals cause the activation and transport of rare earth elements,and eventually lead to the enrichment and mineralization of these elements.The supergenetic geological processes have important constraints on the development and preservation of ore bodies.In the future,more attention should be paid to the pre-enrichment mechanism of rare earth elements in ore-forming parent rocks,the migration forms of rare earth elements and the supergenetic conditions conducive to the formation of ion-adsorbed rare earth ore.
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