The sustained multiple external pressures,such as the slow global economic recovery and the increasing threat of industrial decoupling from European and American countries towards China,may lead to a shift in the driving force that affects the complexity of China's exports from external driving to internal driving.The article examines the impact and related mechanisms of government R&D subsidies on the complexity of China's export technology from the perspective of technological innovation.The research results show that there is a significant inverted U-shaped non-linear relationship between government R&D subsidies and export technology complexity.As government R&D subsidies continue to be invested,export technology complexity will show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing;Financial R&D subsidies affect the complexity of export technology through the mediating effect of technological innovation.In addition,research at the enterprise level shows that there is significant heterogeneity in the impact of government R&D subsidies on private and state-owned enterprises.Compared to state-owned enterprises,government R&D subsidies have a more significant incentive effect on private enterprises and a more significant effect on enhancing the complexity of China's export technology.