[目的]探究翘嘴鲌及翘嘴鲌"全雌1号"在氨氮胁迫下的生理应答反应及耐受性，为新品种选育和健康养殖提供依据。[方法]采用实验生态学方法，在预试验确定96 h 氨氮半致死浓度(96 h LC50)的基础上，研究不同浓度(0、8、16 mg/L)氨氮对翘嘴鲌及翘嘴鲌"全雌1号"存活指标、肝脏组织学、抗氧化酶活性的影响。[结果]①翘嘴鲌及翘嘴鲌"全雌1号"的死亡率随氨氮浓度与胁迫时间的增加而升高，在8和16 mg/L浓度下，翘嘴鲌"全雌1号"的死亡率更低;② 组织学观察显示，随着氨氮浓度与胁迫时间的增加，肝血窦逐渐增大，局部破损增加，出现肝细胞融合，细胞轮廓与空泡界限模糊的现象增多。低浓度胁迫96 h与高浓度胁迫48 h和96 h均造成肝脏出现较大的病理学组织损伤。③ SOD活性检测显示，对照组SOD活性稳定，而高、低浓度组则均呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势，且高浓度组高于低浓度组。同时，翘嘴鲌"全雌1号"增幅更大，降幅更小，其在相同氨氮浓度与胁迫时间下SOD活性较翘嘴鲌高。[结论]翘嘴鲌"全雌1号"较普通翘嘴鲌具有更强的氨氮抗逆性。
Analysis of Physiological Responses and Tolerance in Culter alburnus and Culter alburnus var.'All-Female 1′ Subjected to Ammonia Nitrogen Stress
[Objective]This paper aims to elucidate the physiological responses and tolerance of Culter alburnus and C.alburnus var.'All-Female 1'when subjected to ammonia nitrogen stress,providing a foundational basis for selective breeding and promoting healthy aquaculture.[Method]Experimental ecological techniques were employed.The semi-lethal concentration of ammonia nitrogen over 96 hours(96 h LC50)was determined through preliminary trials.Subsequently,the effects of various concentra-tions(0,8,16 mg/L)of ammonia nitrogen on survival indicators,hepatic histology,and antioxidant en-zyme activity in C.alburnus and C.alburnus var.'All-Female 1'were investigated.[Result]①The mor-tality rate of both C.alburnus and C.alburnus var.'All-Female 1'escalated with increasing ammonia ni-trogen concentration and stress duration;however,C.alburnus var.'All-Female 1'displayed a lower mortality rate at 8 and 16 mg/L concentrations.②Histological observations revealed that hepatic sinu-soids gradually enlarged with increasing ammonia nitrogen concentration and stress duration,resulting in localized damage intensification,hepatocyte fusion,and blurring of cellular contours and vacuolar boundaries.Exposure to low concentrations for 96 h,as well as high concentrations for both 48 and 96 h,resulted in significant hepatic pathological alterations.③Examination of Superoxide Dismutase(SOD)activity demonstrated that while the control group maintained stable SOD activity,both high and low con-centration groups exhibited a trend of initial increase,subsequent decrease,and eventual increase,with the high concentration group surpassing the low concentration group.Concurrently,C.alburnus var.'All-Female 1'displayed a greater increase and lesser decrease,maintaining higher SOD activity under the same ammonia nitrogen concentrations and stress durations compared to C.alburnus.[Conclusion]C.alburnus var.'All-Female 1'demonstrated enhanced resilience to ammonia nitrogen stress relative to standard C.alburnus.
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