减量施肥对牧草/烤烟轮作系统中产量和土壤养分的影响
Effect of Reduced Fertilizer Application on Yield and Soil Nutrients in a Forage/Tobacco Rotation System
贾雪杰 1游明鸿 2李达旭 2董志晓 3李英主 2雷雄 2余青青 3张建波 2马啸3
作者信息
- 1. 四川农业大学草业科技学院,成都 611130;四川省草原科学研究院,成都 611731
- 2. 四川省草原科学研究院,成都 611731
- 3. 四川农业大学草业科技学院,成都 611130
- 折叠
摘要
[目的]为探究轮作与减量施肥对烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum)产量及土壤养分的影响,优化牧草-烤烟轮作施肥量.[方法]2018年9月—2020年9月,采用双因素完全随机区组设计,选择3种栽培模式,分别为烤烟单播连作(A0)、光叶紫花苕(Viciavillosa Rothvar)-烤烟(A1)和光叶紫花苕+燕麦(Avena sativa)-烤烟(A2);3种不同基肥施肥量,分别为牧草地施羊粪7 500 kg/hm2(B1)、烟草地单施烟草专用肥600 kg/hm2(B2)和牧草地施羊粪3 750 kg/hm2-烟草地施专用肥300 kg/hm2(B3).[结果]A2B3牧草产量最高,较同年产量最低处理(A1B2)增产31.62％％～42.07％;轮作土壤pH较试验前降低15.87％,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾和速效钾含量也较试验前分别增加4.58％、16.08％、13.78％、23.81％、51.09％、17.92％和24.78％.[结论]合理的牧草-烤烟轮作施肥(A2B3)不仅可增加轮作产量,且对提高烟叶质量以及改善土壤养分也有显著作用.但若要获得较高烤烟产量,推荐A2B3后作烤烟施肥量应为313.05～334.95 kg/hm2.
Abstract
[Objective]This study is to explore the effects of crop rotation and reduced fertilizer application on crop yield and soil nutrients as a means of optimizing the amount of fertilizer applied to the forage-tobacco rotation.[Method]The study was conducted from September 2018 to September 2020 using a two-factor completely randomized block group design with three cultivation patterns selected:single-sown continuous crop of flue-cured tobacco(A0),Viciavillosa Rothvar-flue-cured tobacco(A1)and Viciavil-losa Rothvar+oats-flue-cured tobacco(A2);three fertilization methods:pasture and sheep manure 7 500 kg/hm2(B1),tobacco alone with special fertilizer 600 kg/hm2(B2)and pasture with sheep manure 3 750 kg/hm2-tobacco with special fertilizer 300 kg/hm2(B3).[Result]The results showed that in the two years of the experiment,the yield of A2B3 forage grass was the highest,which was increased by 31.62％to 42.07％compared with the treatment with the lowest yield in the same year.After two years of rotation,soil pH decreased by 15.87％,and soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phospho-rus,available phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium contents increased by about 4.58％,16.08％,13.78％,23.81％,51.09％,17.92％and 24.78％,respectively.Soil nutrient contents varied greatly.[Conclusion]Proper fertilization of the forage-roasted tobacco rotation(A2B3)not only in-creases the yield of the rotation,but also has a significant effect on improving the quality of the tobacco leaves and improving soil nutrients.However,the recommended fertilizer application rate for A2B3 fol-lowed by roasted tobacco should be 313.05-334.95 kg/hm2 to obtain high roasted tobacco yields.
关键词
光叶紫花苕/燕麦-烤烟/施肥/产量/土壤养分Key words
Viciavillosa Rothvar/oat-flue-cured tobacco/fertilizer/yield/soil nutrients引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家重点研发项目(2022YFD1100207)
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34)
四川省饲草创新团队(SCCXTD-2020-16)
肉牛创新团队(SCCXTD-20-13)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据