摘要
[目的]通过探究不同施肥处理对核桃生育期土壤养分及产量的影响,明确提高核桃园土壤肥力的最佳施肥方案,为核桃树施肥提供科学依据.[方法]以'香玲'核桃园土壤为研究对象,共设计5种施肥处理:不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、化肥+有机肥(CF+OF)、化肥+生物有机肥(CF+BOF)和化肥+有机肥+生物有机肥(CF+OF+BOF).通过测定核桃关键生育期土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、速效磷(AP)及速效钾(AK)含量,分析有机无机肥配施对核桃产量和土壤养分的影响.[结果]CF、CF+OF、CF+BOF和CF+OF+BOF处理的核桃产量是CK处理的1.79、2.36、3.25和4.11倍.各处理SOM含量在花期均达最大值,其大小依次为:CF+OF+BOF>CF+ BOF>CF+OF>CF>CK,CF+OF+BOF处理SOM达到15.88 g/kg;CF+OF、CF+BOF和CF+OF+BOF显著高于CK和CF(P<0.05).各处理TN含量在硬核期达到最高,其中CF+OF+BOF处理极显著高于其余处理,为4.70 g/kg(P<0.01);萌芽期CF+OF+BOF的NO3--N含量显著高于其余处理,为12.54 mg/kg(P<0.05);CF处理NH4+-N含量极显著高于其余处理,为28.56 mg/kg(P<0.01).CF+OF、CF+BOF和CF+OF+BOF的AP含量在萌芽期达到最高值,分别为79.51、88.33 和117.61 mg/kg,且显著高于CK和CF(P<0.05);花期CK、CF、CF+OF和CF+OF+BOF的AK含量达到峰值,分别为140.86、148.40、160.67和164.57 mg/kg.[结论]与CK相较,CF、CF+OF、CF+BOF、CF+OF+BOF均增加了土壤的养分含量,有机无机肥配施效果均优于CF,其中以CF+OF+BOF对土壤肥力提升的效果最佳,因此,通过有机无机肥配施为核桃整个生长发育过程稳定持续地供应养分,促进核桃树体对土壤养分的吸收利用,进而显著提高核桃果实的产量.
Abstract
[Objective]This study aimed to explore the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nutri-ents and yield during the walnut growth period,to clarify the optimal fertilization scheme for improving soil fertility in walnut orchards,and to provide a scientific basis for the fertilization of walnut trees.[Method]In this study,five fertilization treatments were applied to the soil of the ′Xiangling′ walnut orchard:no fertiliza-tion(CK),single fertilizer(CF),chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer(CF+OF),chemical fertilizer plus bio-organic fertilizer(CF+BOF),and chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer plus bio-organic fertilizer(CF+OF+BOF).The effects of combined organic and inorganic fertilizers on walnut yield and soil nutrients were analyzed by measuring soil organic matter(SOM),total nitrogen(TN),nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N),ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N),available phosphorus(AP),and available potassium(AK)during the key growth stages of walnuts.[Result]Walnut yields treated with CF,CF+OF,CF+BOF and CF+OF+BOF were 1.79,2.36,3.25 and 4.11 times that of the CK treatment,respectively.The SOM con-tent peaked during the flowering stage,with the following order:CF+OF+BOF>CF+BOF>CF+OF>CF>CK,reaching a maximum of 15.88 g/kg in the CF+OF+BOF treatment.CF+OF,CF+BOF and CF+ OF+BOF treatments were significantly higher than CK and CF(P<0.05).The TN content was high-est during the hard core stage,with the CF+OF+BOF treatment being significantly higher than the others at 4.70 g/kg(P<0.01).The NO3--N content in the CF+OF+BOF treatment during the bud-ding stage was significantly higher than other treatments at 12.54 mg/kg(P<0.05).The NH4+-N con-tent in the CF treatment was significantly higher than others at 28.56 mg/kg(P<0.01).The AP con-tents for CF+OF,CF+BOF and CF+OF+BOF peaked during the embryonic stage at 79.51,88.33 and 117.61 mg/kg,respectively,and were significantly higher than CK and CF(P<0.05).The AK content for CK,CF,CF+OF and CF+OF+BOF peaked during the flowering stage at 140.86,148.40,160.67 and 164.57 mg/kg,respectively.[Conclusion]Compared with CK,CF,CF+OF,CF+ BOF,CF+OF+BOF all increase the nutrient content of soil,and the combined application effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer is better than CF,among which CF+OF+BOF has the best effect on soil fertility im-provement,therefore,the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer provides stable and continu-ous supply of nutrients to walnuts throughout the growth and development process,promotes the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients by walnut trees,and significantly increases the yield of walnut fruits.
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维普
万方数据