摘要
[目的]探明优质杂交籼稻新品种G优325的适宜施氮量.[方法]设 5 个施氮量处理(0、60、120、180 和240 kg/hm2,分别记为N0、N60、N120、N180和N240)进行田间试验,研究不同施氮量对G优325主要生育时期茎糵数、干物质积累与转运能力、氮肥吸收利用率和产量及其构成因素的影响.[结果]适当增加施氮量能显著提高G优325的产量,且在N180处理下产量最高.施氮量对产量构成因素、茎蘖数和干物质积累总量影响显著,随着施氮量增加,G优325成熟期的有效穗数、每穗总粒数和干物质积累总量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,且有效穗数和干物质积累总量均在N180处理达到最高值,而每穗粒数在N120处理最多.随着施氮量增加,抽穗前后的干物质积累向籽粒的转运量均表现为处理N180>N240>N120>N60>N0;拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期的氮素积累总量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,且均在N180处理下最高;氮素干物质生产效率、氮素稻谷生产效率、氮素收获指数、氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素生理利用率均表现为处理N0>N60>N120>N180>N240.[结论]适宜提高施氮量(180 kg/hm2),可协同实现优质杂交籼稻新品种G优325高产与较高氮肥利用效率.
Abstract
[Objective]To determine the optimal nitrogen application rate for the hybrid indica rice vari-ety Gyou325.[Method]We established five nitrogen treatments(0,60,120,180,and 240 kg/hm²,labeled as N0,N60,N120,N180,and N240,respectively)to examine the impact of varying nitrogen rates on tiller number,biomass accumulation and transport,nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency,and grain yield and its components in Gyou325.[Result]The findings indicate that the grain yield of Gyou325 significantly increased with the rise in nitrogen application rates,peaking in the N180 treat-ment.As the nitrogen application rate increased,the effective panicle number,grains per panicle,and total biomass at maturity initially increased and then declined,with the N180 treatment yielding the high-est values for effective panicle number and total biomass.The maximum grains per panicle were observed in the N120 treatment.Biomass distribution to the grain before and after heading showed a pattern of N180>N240>N120>N60>N0.The total nitrogen accumulation during the main growth phase of Gyou325 also exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease.Efficiency metrics such as nitrogen biomass pro-duction efficiency,nitrogen rice production efficiency,nitrogen harvest index,nitrogen absorption and utilization rate,nitrogen agronomic utilization rate,nitrogen partial factor productivity,and nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency followed the order N0>N60>N120>N180>N240.[Conclusion]The high-quality hybrid indica rice Gyou325 can achieve both high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency with a nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm².
基金项目
贵州省科技成果应用及产业化项目(黔科合成果[2022]一般062)
贵州省省级绿色高产高效项目(2023)(S-2023-007)
贵州省水稻产业技术体系建设项目(GZSDCYTX2023-03)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据