Effects of Field Configuration on Yield and Climate Resource Utilization Efficiency of Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping in the Yangtze River Basin
[Objective]The objective of this study was to explore the optimal production unit and row ra-tio allocation for maximizing population yield benefit and the utilization efficiency of light,temperature,and water resources in various regions of the Yangtze River Basin.[Method]Conducted in the main grain-producing areas of the Yangtze River Basin,this study primarily focused on the local main banded composite planting mode.The Sichuan and Hubei regions adopted a banded intercropping mode of spring maize and summer soybean,the Hunan and Jiangxi regions adopted a banded intercropping mode of spring maize and spring soybean,and the Jiangsu region adopted a banded intercropping mode of sweet corn and soybean.Monoculture maize(MM)and monoculture soybean(SS)served as controls.Five dif-ferent maize-soybean strip intercropping field configurations were established:production unit 2 m with line ratio 2∶2(T1),2.4 m with line ratio 2∶3(T2),2.4 m with line ratio 2∶4(T3),2.8 m with line ratio 2∶3(T4),and 2.8 m with line ratio 2∶4(T5).[Result]The three-year experimental results indicated that maize yield in each region generally showed a downward trend with the increase in the width of the production unit,while soybean yield showed an opposite trend.The population yield also showed a down-ward trend with the increase in the width of the production unit.Maize-soybean strip intercropping in dif-ferent regions exhibited clear intercropping advantages,with the land equivalent ratio being particularly outstanding in the Sichuan and Hubei ecological areas of the upper Yangtze River,reaching a maximum of 1.64.The yield benefit and utilization of light,temperature,and water resources for each field configu-ration group in the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were significantly higher than those of monoculture soybean.Under the 2 m production unit and 2∶2 row ratio field configuration,com-pared with monoculture maize,the average economic benefits of the Sichuan and Hubei experimental sites in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River increased by 39.20%and 39.34%,respectively.The pro-duction efficiency of light,temperature,and water increased by 31.48%,19.42%,13.85%(Sichuan)and 56.90%,41.45%,42.89%(Hubei),respectively.The average economic benefits of the Jiangsu ex-perimental sites in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River increased by 22.22%,and the production effi-ciency of light,temperature,and water increased by 22.09%,13.16%and 14.41%,respectively.In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,under the 2.4 m production unit and 2∶3 row ratio field configura-tion,the average economic benefit and the production efficiency of light,temperature,and water in the Hunan test site were 13.07%,13.86%and 7.77%higher than those of monoculture maize.In the Jiangxi test site,under the 2.4 m production unit and 2∶4 row ratio field configuration,the average economic benefit and the production efficiency of light,temperature,and water were not significantly different from those of monoculture maize.[Conclusion]Based on three-year population yield benefit,resource utilization rate,and principal component analysis,the maize-soybean relay strip intercropping areas in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River(Sichuan,Hubei)and the lower reaches(Jiangsu)should imple-ment the field configuration of a 2 m production unit with a 2∶2 row ratio.In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(Hunan,Jiangxi),the field configurations of a 2.4 m production unit with a 2∶3 row ratio and a 2.4 m production unit with a 2∶4 row ratio can be used,respectively.
maize-soybean strip intercroppingfield arrangementpopulation yieldutilization efficiency of climate resource
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