Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Operation on Grain Filling,Dry Matter Transport after Anthesis and Sugar Content in Wheat Plants
[Objective]Our aim is to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer schemes on dry matter transport,grain filling characteristics,plant sugar content and yield of wheat following rice stubble in the middle and lower regions of Yangtze River in Anhui Province.[Method]Baihumai 1 was used as the experimental material.The nitrogen application rates were 180(N1),210(N2),and 240(N3)kg/hm2,and the ratio of base fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer was 5∶1∶4(R1),7∶1∶2(R2),and 5∶4∶1(R3),respectively.We measured dry matter transport,nitrogen utilization,grain filling characteristics and plant sugar content of wheat following rice stubble in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province.[Result]With the increase of nitrogen application,from 0 to 240 kg/hm2,the distribution of dry matter during the flowering and maturity stages of wheat showed an increasing trend,whereas the post-flowering dry matter translocation in wheat exhibited a pat-tern of initially increasing and then decreasing,with 210 kg/hm2 nitrogen application being the highest.The dry matter accumulation,nitrogen use efficiency and yield of wheat under the same nitrogen applica-tion level were highest at the base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer ratio of 7∶1∶2.Increasing nitrogen application at the same ratio of base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer increased the grain filling duration and delayed the day of maximum grain filling rate,while the grain dry weight,theo-retical 1 000-grain weight and average grain filling rate of wheat tended to decrease gradually.Under the same nitrogen application level,the base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer ratio of 5∶1∶4 was favorable to increase the maximum grain filling rate and maintain the grain filling rate at a higher level,as well as a high grain dry weight.Nitrogen application increased the assimilate production capacity of leaves and the content of soluble sugar and sucrose in leaves.Further analysis of carbohydrate content in wheat stems at maturity showed that increased nitrogen fertilizer application rates reduced sucrose con-centration and increased total soluble sugar content in stems.[Conclusion]In the middle and lower re-gions of the Yangtze River,the recommended application rate of nitrogenN fertilizer rate for high yield of wheat following rice stubble should beis 210 kg/hm2,while thewith a base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer ratio should be recommended with refer toof 7∶1∶2.
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