摘要
[目的]探究不同施钙量对高油酸花生主要农艺性状、产量、品质和经济效益的影响,为合理施用钙肥和优化高油酸花生种植技术提供理论依据.[方法]以高油酸花生品种冀花19号为研究对象,在大田条件下设置0、75、150和225 kg/hm2 4个钙肥梯度,研究不同施钙量对高油酸花生农艺性状、产量品质及经济效益的影响.[结果]与对照相比,施用钙肥后SPAD值均有显著提升,提升幅度在6.71～30.63%.其中T2处理效果最好,在苗期、花针期、结荚期和饱果期可显著提升SPAD值37.55%、43.44%、47.89%和37.49%;可提高花生的主茎粗、根瘤数和根瘤干重,提升幅度分别在25.70%～26.40%、31.68%～96.04%和13.43%～97.51%,其中T2处理显著提高了根瘤数96.04%和根瘤干重97.51%,对根瘤特性改善效果最好;与对照相比,施用钙肥后百果重、百仁重、出米率、产量、油酸含量、油亚比和净利润均提升,提升幅度分别在4.28%～10.52%、4.92%～9.31%、1.19%～3.77%、3.83%～10.86%、0.19%～1.51%、0.19%～3.45和4.14%～14.22%,其中,T2处理分别提高了10.52%、9.31%、3.77%、10.86%、1.25%、2.5%和14.22%,综合效果最佳.此外,施钙后SPAD值和产量变化趋势呈先升高后降低,钙肥用量为75 kg/hm2时对品质无明显改善,这表明钙肥不足或过量均不能达到最优效果.[结论]综合考虑,试验条件适宜下钙肥用量为150 kg/hm2.
Abstract
[Objective]The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of varying calcium application rates on the agronomic characteristics,yield,quality,and economic returns of high oleic acid peanut cul-tivars,thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for the judicious use of calcium fertilizers and the re-finement of cultivation practices for high oleic acid peanuts.[Method]The methodology encompassed the application of four distinct calcium fertilizer rates(0,75,150 and 225 kg/hm2)to the high oleic acid peanut cultivar Jihua 19 under field conditions,with the objective of assessing the influence of calcium fertilization on the aforementioned parameters.[Result]The findings revealed that,in comparison to the control,the SPAD values increased significantly following calcium application,with increments ranging from 6.71%to 30.63%.Notably,the T2 treatment demonstrated the most pronounced effect,with a sig-nificant enhancement in SPAD values of 37.55%,43.44%,47.89%and 37.49%during the seedling,flowering needle,podding,and full fruit stages,respectively.Additionally,the main stem diameter,nodule count,and nodule dry weight exhibited significant increases of 25.70%to 26.40%,31.68%to 96.04%and 13.43%to 97.51%,respectively.The T2 treatment notably increased the nodule count by 96.04%and the dry weight of nodules by 97.51%,indicating the most effective improvement in nodule characteristics.In contrast to the control,calcium application led to increased fruit weight,kernel weight,shelling rate,yield,oleic acid content,oil-to-oil ratio,and net profit,with increments ranging from 4.28%to 10.52%,4.92%to 9.31%,1.19%to 3.77%,3.83%to 10.86%,0.19%to 1.51%,0.19%to 3.45%and 4.14%to 14.22%,respectively.The T2 treatment yielded the most substantial overall improve-ments,with increases of 10.52%,9.31%,3.77%,10.86%,1.25%,2.5%and 14.22%,respectively.Furthermore,the trend of SPAD values and yield initially increased and subsequently decreased follow-ing calcium application,with no significant quality enhancement observed at a calcium fertilizer rate of 75 kg/hm2.This suggests that neither insufficient nor excessive calcium fertilization can achieve optimal outcomes.[Conclusion]In conclusion,based on the collective results,the optimal calcium fertilizer ap-plication rate for this study is determined to be 150 kg/hm2.
基金项目
河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HBCT2024040206)
石家庄市政府与中国农科院2024年战略合作项目(24033)
2023年石家庄市科技特派员项目(13010023P00240210005T)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据