Effect of Long-Distance Transportation on the Main Clinical and Blood Related Indicators and Intestinal Microbiota of Simmental Cattles
[Objective]The aim of this experiment was to explore the impact of long-distance transporta-tion on the main clinical and blood-related indicators and intestinal microbiota of Simmental cattles.[Method]70 healthy Simmental cattle aged 8 months with similar body conditions based on clinical ex-amination were selected.The cattle were transported using a double-deck covered truck with a density of approximately 1.04 m2 per head,from Tongliao City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,to Luding County,Sichuan Province.Twelve cattle from the upper deck were randomly selected,marked,and used as the subjects of the study.The day of loading for transportation,the day of arrival at the destination,and days 2 to 7 after arrival were designated as Tb,Ta,and D2-D7,respectively.The main clinical indi-cators from Tb to D7 were measured and recorded,and the morbidity and mortality rates were calculated.ELISA and 16S rDNA were used to detect the levels of inflammatory,immune,oxidative,and stress fac-tors in serum of bovine Tb and Ta,as well as changes in intestinal fecal microbiota.[Result]After long-distance transportation,the dehydration degree,body temperature,heart rate,respiratory rate and inci-dence rate of Simmental cattles were significantly increased than those before transportation(P＜0.01),while the body weight and the times of single rumination and mastication were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The main diseases were respiratory diseases(13 heads,the incidence rate was 19％)and diges-tive diseases(11 heads,the incidence rate was 16％).The levels of serum IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-4,IL-10 and CRP decreased significantly(P＜0.01),while IgA,IgG,CAT levels significantly increased(P＜0.01).The levels of SAA and IL-6 significantly decreased and the levels of IgM significantly increased(P＜0.05).At the phylum level,Bacteroides and Spirochaetota was decreased significantly(P＜0.05),Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria was increased significantly(P＜0.05),Desulfobacterota increased ex-tremely significantly(P＜0.01).At the genus level,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,Alistipes,Monoglo-bus and Prevotellaceae_UCG-004 decreased significantly(P＜0.05),NK4A214_group abundance in-creased significantly(P＜0.05).[Conclusion]Long-distance transportation easily leads to severe dehy-dration in Simmental cattle,resulting in weight loss,significant increases in body temperature,heart rate,and respiratory rate,as well as affecting rumination,which raises the incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases.It also causes a decrease in immunity,inflammation,and oxidative stress.The diversity and richness of gut microbiota decrease significantly,with a notable decline in beneficial bacte-ria abundance and an increase in harmful bacteria abundance.
万方数据
维普
