Occupancy Pattern and Influencing Factors of Three Representative Forest Pheasants
There are diverse pheasant species coexisting in the mountainous forests of Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve in Liangshan Mountains.In order to understand the occupancy rate,interspecific interactions and influencing factors of these pheasants,131 infrared-triggered cameras were set up there from May 2021 to June 2023,with a total of 37 496 camera-trapping days,to monitor the three representa-tive forest pheasants,namely the Temminck's tragopan(Tragopan temminckii,independent capture n=593),the blood pheasant(Ithaginis cruentus,n=227)and silver pheasant(Lophura nycthemera,n=81).The multi-species occupation model was applied to analyze the effects of different factors on the oc-cupancy rate.The results show that the occupancy rate of the three pheasant species is influenced by dif-ferent environmental variables.The results show that the occupancy rate of the Temminck's tragopan is positively correlated with elevation,slope,herb coverage and mean shrub height,and negatively correlated with distance from water resources,human activity intensity and grazing intensity;the occupancy rate of the blood pheasant is positively correlated with aspect,slope,elevation,distance from water resources,mean tree height,mean shrub height and herb coverage,and is negatively correlated with human activity intensity;the occupancy rate of the silver pheasant is positively correlated with aspect,and negatively cor-related with elevation,slope,mean tree height,mean shrub height,herb coverage and grazing intensity.There is a negative interaction between Temminck's tragopan and blood pheasant,whereas a positive inter-action between Temminck's tragopan and silver pheasant,as well as between blood pheasant and silver pheasant.The influence of the pairwise interactions between three pheasants on their occupancy rate is greater than that of habitat characteristics and human interference.In summary,interspecific interactions,habitat characteristics and human disturbances jointly affect the occupancy and co-existence of forest pheasants in Liangshan Mountains.Based on our findings,it is suggested that the evaluation of species in-teraction and the control of human activities in pheasant habitats should be strengthened when multi-spe-cies integrated conservation is carried out in nature reserves.
multi-species occupancy modelGalliformesinterspecific interactionhuman disturbanceSichuan Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve
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