The Handling and Adjustment of Litigation Cases in the Prefectures and Counties of the Qing Dynasty
In the Qing dynasty,the judicial affairs of prefectural and county yamen relied on fangke organization to be in charge of the concrete implementation.In terms of the procedure for handling litigation cases,after a lawsuit was accepted,the case was usually assigned to a specified fangke of-fice based on the nature of the case and the responsibilities of each fangke official.Although the pre-fectural and county yamen had certain rules about the responsibilities of each fangke office and the scope of cases they handled,in judicial practice,there were many disputes over the right to handle cases among the fangke offices.This phenomenon was closely related to the defects of prefectural ju-dicial system in the Qing dynasty,the overlapping duties and the factor that fangke official was driven by economic interests.In order to control the chaotic situation of fangke officials competing for cases,prefectural officials conducted coordination from the aspects of personal power balancing,regulating case fees,and internal coordination of the fangke organizations to maintain the normal operation of the prefectural judiciary.This reflects the cooperation and competition within the county yamen's in-ternal organizations and the norms and disorders in the judicial operation of prefectural and county judiciary.
prefectures and counties in the Qing dynastylitigation casesfangke organizationlimi-tations on judicial rightslitigation procedure
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