As an important part of Dazu Rock Carvings,Shuchengyan Cliffside Sculptures are of great significance for the study of Song Dynasty Taoist divine system and the development of Chinese Taoism.The paper analyzes the gold-overlaid on the surfaces of face and hands of Emperor Zi Wei's Statue in cave 3,which was constructed during Shaoxing peiord of the Southern Song Dynasty(1131-1163 AD).Multiple analytical technologies were applied,such as confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer(XRF),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FTIR)and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS),to study the composition,structure and properties of the gold foil.The results indicate that the gold foil has a high gold content over 80％,while its CLSM images show that it's adhered to a thin red layer,and many notable diseases such as cracking,peeling and curling have emerged.With the help of FTIR,the red layer is identified as a tung-oil-based gilding size with the peaks at 2926 cm-1 and 2856 cm-1 due to vs(C-H)and vas(C-H)of alpha-eleostearic acids,a peak at 1746 cm-1 due to vs(C=O)of fatty acids in oil,a peak at 1636 cm-1 due to vs(C-O)of carboxylate in oil,and a peak at 1456 cm-1 due to δ(C-H)of methyl in oil,which shows in red by adding cinnabar(HgS)in liquid tung oil to brighten the color of gold foil.Meanwhile,litharge(PbO)is detected by XPS with the fitted Pb 4f7/2 peak at 138.9 eV and the Pb 4f5/2 centered at 143.7 eV,which acts as desiccation.Gold gluing oil was wildly used to bond gold foil with the matrix in ancient China.In this case,the cracking and peeling diseases of gold foil are observed by CLSM,which result from weathering of the gold gluing oil.The outcomes of the research benefit for the study of gold foil overlaying technology in ancient China and cultural relic conservation.
Dazu Rock CarvingsShuchengyanGold foilGold glue paintTung oil
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