Ce策 is one of the commonly unearthed horse-drawn vehicle fittings of the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties in the Dianchi Lake Area.They were mainly made of copper with a few made of jade as a symbol of the nobility or iron by advanced craftsmanship in a later period.As Ce can be easily confused with other artifacts like horsewhips in horse-drawn vehicle fittings because of its name,this paper renames it Jue觼and identifies its unique function as a horse belt buckle fitting after careful consultation in and textual research on philological materials.In the meantime,a detailed summary of artifacts unearthed from the Dianchi Lake area in the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties is presented and a comparison with similar artifacts from other areas is conducted based on typological research of the evolution of Jue(horse belt buckle)forms between the two periods in order to explore the origin of various Jue and their local improvements.In the end,an analysis is carried out on the situations of excavation based on unearthed Jue from different periods,by comparing Jue from the two periods and horse-drawn vehicle fittings unearthed together,which are different in types and features of artifacts,and tracing the evolution of Jue from a large quantity of artifacts unearthed with obvious local features showing great popularity to rare artifacts tending to be similar in craftsmanship to those in the Central Plains,so as to briefly discuss how the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties ruled the Dianchi Lake area with"loose reins"and thus interpret the formation pattern of the"loose reins system"(jimi leixing,羁縻类型)in the Han culture of the Dianchi Lake area during the two Dynasties.
Ornament JueWestern and Eastern Han DynastiesThe"loose reins system"in the Han culture
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