摘要
2020年12月至2022年11月,四川省文物考古研究院与四川大学考古文博学院联合完成了四川广汉三星堆遗址祭祀区七号坑(K7)的发掘.七号坑平面近长方形,面积约12平方米.坑内堆积主要包括填土层和器物层,坑底有较薄灰烬层.据阶段性统计,七号坑出土铜、金、铁、玉、石、骨等各类质地的器物及象牙、海贝等共4378件(组),其中以铜器最为丰富.出土器物以小型器物及残件为主,罕见大型器物,或经有意拣选.七号坑出土的部分器物残件可与二号、三号、八号坑器物残件实现跨坑拼合,可知几坑年代同时,大体属商代末期.坑内器物年代不一,多属商代晚期.七号坑被六号坑打破,是祭祀区8座坑中唯一一组打破关系.
Abstract
Between December 2020 and November 2022,Sichuan Province Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and School of Archaeology and Museology of Sichuan University jointly completed the excavation of Pit K7 in the sacrificial area of the Sanxingdui site in Guanghan,Sichuan.Pit K7 is approximately rectangular in shape,covering an area of about 12 square meters.The deposits are mainly composed of a fill layer and an artifact-bearing deposit,with a thin ash layer observed at the bottom.According to current statistics,a total of 4,378 artifacts have been unearthed,encompassing a diverse range of materials,including bronze,gold,iron,jade,stone,bone,ivory,and cowrie shells.The bronze assemblage is particularly abundant,featuring turtle-shaped grid artifacts,human head statues,human masks,kneeling statuettes,Yuan(disc with central orifice),Ge(dagger-axe),bells,pendants,and other ritual objects.The majority of the recovered artifacts are small in size or fragmentary,while large-sized artifacts are notably rare,possibly due to intentional selection or specific burying practices.It's worth mentioning that some of the fragments from Pit K7 can be pieced together with fragments found in Pits K2,K3,and K8,indicating that these four pits are contemporaneous and date to the terminal phase of the Shang Dynasty.While the artifacts from Pit K7 exhibit some chronological variation,the majority belong to the late Shang period.Furthermore,Pit K7 was partly destroyed by Pit K6 which is the only case among the 8 pits in the sacrificial area.
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