成都明代墓葬石刻彩绘制作材料与工艺研究
宋权帅 1郭宏 1陈龙 2白玉龙 3张遥1
作者信息
- 1. 北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院/材料考古与保护教育部重点实验室
- 2. 蒲江县文化体育和旅游局
- 3. 成都市文物考古研究院(成都市文化遗产保护利用研究中心)
- 折叠
摘要
在2014年成都地铁七号线施工过程中,发现了位于锦江区成龙路街道金像寺社区四组的大型明代墓葬群,出土大批精美的石刻彩绘.通过超景深三维显微镜(LDDM)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、偏光显微镜(PLM)、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱仪(RAMAN)、热裂解气相色谱质谱分析仪(PY-GC/MS)等手段对这批石刻彩绘的石质基体、彩绘颜料的成分及制作工艺进行了分析,结果表明:这批墓葬石刻彩绘中彩绘层是直接绘制在石质基体上,或先贴金再施彩绘,两种工艺均无地仗层,贴金工艺与高等级彩塑中的拨金工艺较为相似,并采用了干性油粘合颜料层及贴金层;石质基体为细粒长石石英砂岩,所用颜料均为常用无机矿物颜料,红色颜料为朱砂和铁红,绿色颜料为石绿,蓝色颜料为石青,白色颜料为铅白,黑色颜料为碳黑.实验结果为这批成都墓葬石刻彩绘后续保护研究奠定了基础,同时也为同类型石刻彩绘的研究提供了参考.
Abstract
During the construction of Chengdu Metro Line 7 in 2014,a large-scale Ming Dynasty tomb complex was discovered at Group 4,Jinxiangsi Community,Chenglong Road Subdistrict,Jinjiang District,yielding exquisitely polychromed stone carvings.We conducted comprehensive analyses of the stone substrates,pigment composition,and manufacturing techniques utilizing Super Depth-of-Field 3D Video Microscope(LDDM);X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry(XRF);X-ray Diffractometry(XRD);Polarized Light Microscopy(PLM);Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy(SEM-EDS);Micro-confocal Raman Spectroscopy(RAMAN);and Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(PY-GC/MS).Results revealed two decorative techniques:direct pigment application onto the stone substrate or over a pre-applied gold leaf layer,with neither employing a preparatory ground layer.The gold leaf technique resembled the bojin(gold-engraving)method used in polychrome sculptures,using drying oil binders for pigment adhesion and gold fixation.Pigments identified were inorganic minerals:cinnabar and hematite for red,malachite for green,azurite for blue,lead white for white,and carbon black for black.This study lays a foundation for subsequent conservation research on this batch of Chengdu's tomb polychromed stone carvings,while also providing a reference for studies of similar polychromed stone carvings.
关键词
明代墓葬/石刻彩绘/颜料/贴金/制作工艺Key words
Ming Dynasty tombs/Polychromed stone carvings/Pigments/Gold leaf application/Manufacturing techniques引用本文复制引用
出版年
2025
NETL
NSTL
万方数据