摘要
基于2018 年中国家庭追踪调查数据,先采用OLS回归模型检验家庭养老和社会养老对农村老人幸福感的影响,再采用倾向值匹配法和替换模型法检验回归结果的稳健性,最后从两个层面、五个视角进一步讨论家庭养老和社会养老对农村老人幸福感的影响异质性.研究发现,家庭养老可以显著提升农村老人幸福感,生活照料、经济支持、精神慰藉的提升作用由小到大依次增强;社会养老也可以显著提升农村老人幸福感,医疗保险的提升作用强于养老保险;家庭养老对农村老人幸福感的影响强于社会养老;上述结果均通过稳健性检验.进一步研究发现,性别、年龄、婚姻、居住安排、子女数量视角下家庭养老和社会养老对农村老人幸福感有异质性影响,且分别体现在精神慰藉和医疗保险上:精神慰藉对女性、低龄、在婚、独居、仅与配偶同住、有独生子女的农村老人的影响更大,医疗保险对男性、中高龄、非在婚、独居、仅与配偶同住、有独生子女的农村老人的影响更大.
Abstract
Based on data from the China Family Panel Survey in 2018,the OLS regression model was used to verify the impacts of family elderly care and social elderly care on the happiness of older people in rural areas.It was found that family elderly care can significantly improve the happiness of older people in rural areas,and the roles of life care,economic support,and spiritual comfort increase in turn;social elderly care can also significantly improve the happiness of older people in rural areas,and the improvement from medical insurance is stronger than from endow-ment insurance;the impact of family elderly care on the happiness of older people in rural areas is totally stronger than that of social elderly care;these results have passed the robustness test.The results of heterogeneity analysis showed that the different impacts of family elderly care and social elderly care on the happiness of older people in rural areas from perspectives of gender,age,marriage,living arrangement,and children numbers are respectively reflected in spiritual comfort and medical insurance:spiritual comfort has a greater impact on older people in rural areas who are female,young-old,married,living alone,living with spouse only,and with only one child;medical insurance has a greater impact on older people in rural areas who are male,old-old,unmarried,living alone,living with spouse only,and with only one child.
万方数据