基于深圳市多起校园聚集性疫情的2剂次水痘疫苗保护效果分析
Analysis on the effectiveness of 2-dose varicella vaccination based on multiple campus varicella cluster epidemic in Shenzhen
李雪梅 1林凯 1刘雅文 1古丽斯 1徐震东 1张陈欢 1黄仁湛 1于海航1
作者信息
- 1. 518000,深圳市盐田区疾病预防控制中心
- 折叠
摘要
目的 评估校园水痘聚集性疫情现场2剂次水痘疫苗免疫程序的保护作用,为水痘的防控提供参考.方法 以2020-2022年深圳市盐田区报告水痘聚集性疫情的学校为调查现场,按照回顾性队列研究的方法分析水痘疫苗接种情况与水痘发病的关系.对不同规模的疫情进行异质性检验,计算2剂次水痘疫苗相对保护效果(relative vaccine effectiveness,rVE)的合并效应量.结果 共纳入校园水痘聚集性疫情12起,其中中学1起,小学9起,幼儿园2起,疫情规模为4～19例/起.水痘病例共124例,水痘罹患率为8.60％,其中突破病例占58.87％.1剂次水痘疫苗接种率为52.08％,2剂次接种率为30.31％,1剂次突破感染率(8.66％)高于2剂次(1.83％),差异有统计学意义(x2=22.309,P＜0.001).异质性检验结果显示,不同校园疫情的水痘疫苗保护效果无异质性(x2=2.403,P=0.998;I2=0.007％).采用固定效应模型,以接种1剂次水痘疫苗为参照组,接种2剂次疫苗rVE的合并效应量73.75％(95％CI:50.30％～86.13％).亚组分析,2剂次水痘疫苗接种0～＜3年、3～＜6年和≥6年的rVE呈下降趋势,分别为81.48％、71.62％和67.13％.结论 接种2剂次水痘疫苗的保护效果优于1剂次,可有效降低校园水痘聚集性疫情中学生感染水痘的风险.
Abstract
Objective To assess the epidemiological effectiveness of the 2-dose varicella vaccination based on multiple school varicella cluster epidemic,and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of varicella.Methods Using the schools reporting varicella cluster epidemic in Yantian district,Shenzhen,China,from 2020 to 2022 as investigation sites,a retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the relationship between varicella vaccination and varicella incidence.Heterogeneity tests were performed for cluster epidemic of different scales,and the pooled effect size of relative vaccine effectiveness(rVE)of 2-dose varicella vaccination was estimated.Results A total of 12 campus varicella cluster epidemic were included,including 1 in middle school,9 in elementary school,and 2 in kindergarten,with a scale of 4 to 19 cases per cluster epidemic.There were 124 varicella cases,with an incidence rate of 8.60％,of which 58.87％were breakthrough cases.The vaccination rate for 1-dose and 2-dose varicella vaccines was 52.08％and 30.31％,respectively.The incidence rate of varicella was higher in the 1-dose vaccination group than that in the 2-dose vaccination group(8.66％vs.1.83％),and the difference was statistically significant(x2=22.309,P＜0.001).The heterogeneity test showed that there was no heterogeneity in the effectiveness of the varicella vaccine among different campus cluster epidemic(x2=2.403,P=0.998;I2=0.007％).Using a fixed-effects model,the pooled effect size of rVE for 2-dose vaccination was 73.75％(95％CI:50.30％-86.13％)as compared to the 1-dose vaccination group.In subgroup analysis,the rVE of 2-dose varicella vaccination for 0 to＜3 years,3 to＜6 years,and ≥6 years showed a decreasing trend,with rates of 81.48％,71.62％,and 67.13％,respectively.Conclusions The protective effectiveness of 2-dose varicella vaccination was better than that of 1-dose vaccination,which could effectively reduce the risk of varicella infection among students during campus varicella cluster epidemic.
关键词
水痘/水痘疫苗/保护效果/聚集性疫情/二针免疫Key words
Varicella/Varicella vaccine/Effectiveness/Cluster epidemic/2-dose vaccination引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据